Term Dictionary - Mathematics
119 essential math terms with multilingual translations for CSCA exam preparation
| Term | Example | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
functionBasic | Given the function f(x) = 2x + 1, find the value of f(3). | 函数 已知函数 f(x) = 2x + 1,求 f(3) 的值。 | hánshù |
derivativeIntermediate | Find the derivative of the function y = x². | 导数 求函数 y = x² 的导数。 | dǎoshù |
integralIntermediate | Calculate the definite integral ∫₀¹ x dx. | 积分 计算定积分 ∫₀¹ x dx。 | jīfēn |
quadratic equationBasic | Solve the equation: x² - 5x + 6 = 0 | 一元二次方程 解方程:x² - 5x + 6 = 0 | yīyuán èrcì fāngchéng |
perpendicularBasic | Line AB is perpendicular to line CD. | 垂直 直线 AB 垂直于直线 CD。 | chuízhí |
circleBasic | The formula for the area of a circle: A = πr² | 圆 求圆的面积公式:A = πr² | yuán |
probabilityBasic | The probability of getting heads when flipping a coin is 1/2. | 概率 抛硬币出现正面的概率是 1/2。 | gàilǜ |
mean / averageBasic | The mean of the sequence 2, 4, 6, 8 is 5. | 平均数 数列 2, 4, 6, 8 的平均数是 5。 | píngjūnshù |
slopeBasic | The slope of the line y = 2x + 1 is 2. | 斜率 直线 y = 2x + 1 的斜率是 2。 | xiélǜ |
parabolaBasic | The graph of the function y = x² is a parabola. | 抛物线 函数 y = x² 的图像是一条抛物线。 | pāowùxiàn |
theoremBasic | Pythagorean theorem: a² + b² = c² | 定理 勾股定理:a² + b² = c² | dìnglǐ |
variableBasic | In the equation 2x + 3 = 7, x is the variable. | 变量 在方程 2x + 3 = 7 中,x 是变量。 | biànliàng |
coefficientBasic | In the polynomial 3x² + 2x + 1, 3 is the coefficient of x². | 系数 在多项式 3x² + 2x + 1 中,3 是 x² 的系数。 | xìshù |
domainBasic | The domain of the function f(x) = 1/x is x ≠ 0. | 定义域 函数 f(x) = 1/x 的定义域是 x ≠ 0。 | dìngyìyù |
rangeBasic | The range of the function f(x) = x² is y ≥ 0. | 值域 函数 f(x) = x² 的值域是 y ≥ 0。 | zhíyù |
setBasic | Which of the following statements about sets is correct? | 集合 下列关于集合的说法中,正确的是哪一项? | jíhé |
inequalityBasic | Solve the inequality: 2x - 3 > 5 | 不等式 解不等式:2x - 3 > 5 | bùděngshì |
subsetBasic | If A ⊆ B, then A is a subset of B | 子集 若 A ⊆ B,则 A 是 B 的子集 | zǐjí |
unionBasic | The set A ∪ B represents the union of A and B | 并集 集合 A ∪ B 表示 A 与 B 的并集 | bìngjí |
intersectionBasic | The set A ∩ B represents the intersection of A and B | 交集 集合 A ∩ B 表示 A 与 B 的交集 | jiāojí |
complementBasic | Regarding the complement of set A in universal set U, which statement is incorrect? | 补集 关于全集 U 中集合 A 的补集,下列说法错误的是? | bǔjí |
absolute valueBasic | What is the range of the absolute value function f(x) = |x|? | 绝对值 绝对值函数 f(x) = |x| 的值域是? | juéduìzhí |
monotonicityIntermediate | Determine the monotonicity of function f(x) = x³ on R | 单调性 判断函数 f(x) = x³ 在 R 上的单调性 | dāndiàoxìng |
parity (odd/even function)Intermediate | Determine the parity of function f(x) = x² | 奇偶性 判断函数 f(x) = x² 的奇偶性 | jīǒuxìng |
periodicityIntermediate | What is the periodicity of the trigonometric function sin(x)? | 周期性 三角函数 sin(x) 的周期性是什么? | zhōuqīxìng |
monotonically increasingIntermediate | Given that function f(x) is monotonically increasing on interval [1, 5], find the range of a | 单调递增 已知函数 f(x) 在区间 [1, 5] 上单调递增,求 a 的取值范围 | dāndiào dìzēng |
monotonically decreasingIntermediate | Function f(x) = -x² is monotonically decreasing when x > 0 | 单调递减 函数 f(x) = -x² 在 x > 0 时单调递减 | dāndiào dìjiǎn |
inverse functionIntermediate | If f(x) = 2x + 1, find the inverse function f⁻¹(x) | 反函数 若 f(x) = 2x + 1,求反函数 f⁻¹(x) | fǎnhánshù |
composite functionIntermediate | Let f(x) = x² and g(x) = 2x, find the composite function f(g(x)) | 复合函数 设 f(x) = x² 和 g(x) = 2x,求复合函数 f(g(x)) | fùhé hánshù |
exponential functionBasic | What is the range of the exponential function f(x) = 2ˣ? | 指数函数 指数函数 f(x) = 2ˣ 的值域是多少? | zhǐshù hánshù |
logarithmic functionBasic | What is the domain of the logarithmic function f(x) = log₂(x)? | 对数函数 对数函数 f(x) = log₂(x) 的定义域是什么? | duìshù hánshù |
trigonometric functionBasic | Which of the following properties of trigonometric functions is correct? | 三角函数 下列关于三角函数的性质,正确的是? | sānjiǎo hánshù |
vectorBasic | What is the magnitude of vector a = (3, 4)? | 向量 向量 a = (3, 4) 的模长是多少? | xiàngliàng |
ellipseIntermediate | What is the standard equation of an ellipse? | 椭圆 椭圆的标准方程是什么? | tuǒyuán |
hyperbolaIntermediate | What is the equation of the asymptotes of a hyperbola? | 双曲线 双曲线的渐近线方程是什么? | shuāngqūxiàn |
asymptoteIntermediate | Find the asymptotes of function f(x) = 1/x | 渐近线 求函数 f(x) = 1/x 的渐近线 | jiànjìnxiàn |
sequenceBasic | What is the general term formula of sequence {aₙ}? | 数列 数列 {aₙ} 的通项公式是什么? | shùliè |
general term formulaIntermediate | Given the sum of the first n terms Sₙ = n², find the general term formula aₙ | 通项公式 已知数列前 n 项和 Sₙ = n²,求通项公式 aₙ | tōngxiàng gōngshì |
arithmetic sequenceBasic | General term formula for arithmetic sequence: aₙ = a₁ + (n-1)d | 等差数列 等差数列的通项公式:aₙ = a₁ + (n-1)d | děngchā shùliè |
geometric sequenceBasic | General term formula for geometric sequence: aₙ = a₁ · qⁿ⁻¹ | 等比数列 等比数列的通项公式:aₙ = a₁ · qⁿ⁻¹ | děngbǐ shùliè |
matrixIntermediate | Find the product of matrix A and matrix B | 矩阵 求矩阵 A 和矩阵 B 的乘积 | jǔzhèn |
determinantIntermediate | Calculate the value of the determinant of a matrix | 行列式 计算矩阵的行列式的值 | hánglièshì |
limitIntermediate | Find the limit: lim(x→0) sin(x)/x | 极限 求极限:lim(x→0) sin(x)/x | jíxiàn |
varianceBasic | Calculate the variance of the dataset | 方差 计算数据集的方差 | fāngchā |
standard deviationBasic | Standard deviation equals the square root of variance | 标准差 标准差等于方差的平方根 | biāozhǔnchā |
elementBasic | If a is an element of set A, we write a ∈ A. | 元素 如果 a 是集合 A 的元素,记作 a ∈ A。 | yuánsù |
empty setBasic | A set containing no elements is called the empty set, denoted ∅. | 空集 不含任何元素的集合称为空集,记作 ∅。 | kōngjí |
universal setBasic | In a specific problem, the set containing all objects under study is called the universal set, denoted U. | 全集 在特定问题中,包含所有研究对象的集合称为全集,记作 U。 | quánjí |
set notationBasic | Sets can be expressed using roster notation {1, 2, 3} or set-builder notation {x | x > 0}. | 集合的表示法 集合可以用列举法 {1, 2, 3} 或描述法 {x | x > 0} 表示。 | jíhé de biǎoshìfǎ |
differenceBasic | The difference of sets A and B is A - B = {x | x ∈ A and x ∉ B}. | 差集 集合 A 与 B 的差集 A - B = {x | x ∈ A 且 x ∉ B}。 | chājí |
Venn diagramBasic | Venn diagrams visually represent relationships between sets. | 韦恩图 用韦恩图可以直观地表示集合之间的关系。 | wéiēntú |
quadratic inequalityIntermediate | Solve the quadratic inequality: x² - 5x + 6 > 0 | 一元二次不等式 解一元二次不等式:x² - 5x + 6 > 0 | yīyuán èrcì bùděngshì |
solution setBasic | The solution set of inequality x > 3 is {x | x > 3}. | 解集 不等式 x > 3 的解集是 {x | x > 3}。 | jiějí |
discriminantIntermediate | The discriminant of quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0 is Δ = b² - 4ac. | 判别式 二次方程 ax² + bx + c = 0 的判别式是 Δ = b² - 4ac。 | pànbiéshì |
interval notationBasic | Open interval (a, b) represents {x | a < x < b}. | 区间表示法 开区间 (a, b) 表示 {x | a < x < b}。 | qūjiān biǎoshìfǎ |
rational inequalityAdvanced | Solve the rational inequality: (x + 1)/(x - 2) > 0 | 分式不等式 解分式不等式:(x + 1)/(x - 2) > 0 | fēnshì bùděngshì |
sign chartIntermediate | A sign chart helps determine where a function is positive or negative. | 符号表 使用符号表可以确定函数在各区间的正负性。 | fúhàobiǎo |
critical valueIntermediate | In solving inequalities, critical values are points where the expression equals zero or is undefined. | 临界值 在解不等式时,临界值是使表达式为零或无定义的点。 | línjiè zhí |
undefined pointBasic | For function f(x) = 1/x, x = 0 is an undefined point. | 无定义点 对于函数 f(x) = 1/x,x = 0 是无定义点。 | wú dìngyì diǎn |
test point methodIntermediate | Use the test point method to determine the sign of inequality in each interval. | 试点法 用试点法确定不等式各区间的符号。 | shìdiǎnfǎ |
transitive propertyBasic | If a > b and b > c, then a > c (transitive property). | 传递性 如果 a > b 且 b > c,则 a > c(传递性)。 | chuándìxìng |
power functionBasic | The general form of a power function is f(x) = xⁿ. | 幂函数 幂函数的一般形式为 f(x) = xⁿ。 | mì hánshù |
exponentBasic | In 2³, 3 is the exponent. | 指数 在 2³ 中,3 是指数。 | zhǐshù |
baseBasic | In 2³, 2 is the base. | 底数 在 2³ 中,2 是底数。 | dǐshù |
rational exponentIntermediate | x^(1/2) represents the square root of x (rational exponent). | 有理指数 x^(1/2) 表示 x 的平方根(有理指数)。 | yǒulǐ zhǐshù |
radical formBasic | √x is the radical form of x^(1/2). | 根式形式 √x 是 x^(1/2) 的根式形式。 | gēnshì xíngshì |
exponential growthBasic | Population increases in exponential growth. | 指数增长 人口以指数增长的方式增加。 | zhǐshù zēngzhǎng |
exponential decayBasic | Radioactive substances follow exponential decay. | 指数衰减 放射性物质遵循指数衰减规律。 | zhǐshù shuāijiǎn |
natural exponentialIntermediate | The natural exponential function is f(x) = eˣ, where e ≈ 2.718. | 自然指数 自然指数函数是 f(x) = eˣ,其中 e ≈ 2.718。 | zìrán zhǐshù |
compound interestBasic | Compound interest formula: A = P(1 + r)ⁿ | 复利 复利计算公式:A = P(1 + r)ⁿ | fùlì |
natural logarithmBasic | Natural logarithm has base e, written as ln x. | 自然对数 自然对数以 e 为底,记作 ln x。 | zìrán duìshù |
common logarithmBasic | Common logarithm has base 10, written as log x. | 常用对数 常用对数以 10 为底,记作 log x。 | chángyòng duìshù |
logarithmic propertyIntermediate | log(ab) = log a + log b (logarithmic property) | 对数性质 log(ab) = log a + log b(对数性质) | duìshù xìngzhì |
change of base formulaIntermediate | Change of base formula: logₐ b = (log b)/(log a) | 换底公式 换底公式:logₐ b = (log b)/(log a) | huàndǐ gōngshì |
sineBasic | In a right triangle, sin θ = opposite/hypotenuse. | 正弦 在直角三角形中,sin θ = 对边/斜边。 | zhèngxián |
cosineBasic | In a right triangle, cos θ = adjacent/hypotenuse. | 余弦 在直角三角形中,cos θ = 邻边/斜边。 | yúxián |
tangentBasic | In a right triangle, tan θ = opposite/adjacent. | 正切 在直角三角形中,tan θ = 对边/邻边。 | zhèngqiē |
unit circleBasic | The unit circle has radius 1 and is used to define trigonometric functions. | 单位圆 单位圆的半径为 1,用于定义三角函数。 | dānwèi yuán |
common differenceBasic | In an arithmetic sequence, the difference between consecutive terms is called the common difference d. | 公差 等差数列中,相邻两项的差称为公差 d。 | gōngchā |
arithmetic meanIntermediate | If a, b, c form an arithmetic sequence, then b is the arithmetic mean of a and c. | 等差中项 如果 a, b, c 成等差数列,则 b 是 a 和 c 的等差中项。 | děngchā zhōngxiàng |
nth term formulaIntermediate | The nth term formula for arithmetic sequence: aₙ = a₁ + (n-1)d | 通项公式 等差数列的通项公式:aₙ = a₁ + (n-1)d | tōngxiàng gōngshì |
arithmetic seriesIntermediate | Arithmetic series sum formula: Sₙ = n(a₁ + aₙ)/2 | 等差级数 等差级数求和公式:Sₙ = n(a₁ + aₙ)/2 | děngchā jíshù |
common ratioBasic | In a geometric sequence, the ratio between consecutive terms is called the common ratio q. | 公比 等比数列中,相邻两项的比值称为公比 q。 | gōngbǐ |
geometric meanIntermediate | If a, b, c form a geometric sequence, then b² = ac. | 等比中项 如果 a, b, c 成等比数列,则 b² = ac。 | děngbǐ zhōngxiàng |
geometric seriesIntermediate | Geometric series sum formula: Sₙ = a₁(1 - qⁿ)/(1 - q), where q ≠ 1. | 等比级数 等比级数求和公式:Sₙ = a₁(1 - qⁿ)/(1 - q),其中 q ≠ 1。 | děngbǐ jíshù |
infinite geometric seriesAdvanced | When |q| < 1, infinite geometric series converges to S = a₁/(1 - q). | 无穷等比级数 当 |q| < 1 时,无穷等比级数收敛于 S = a₁/(1 - q)。 | wúqióng děngbǐ jíshù |
instantaneous rate of changeIntermediate | The derivative represents the instantaneous rate of change of a function at a point. | 瞬时变化率 导数表示函数在某一点的瞬时变化率。 | shùnshí biànhuàlǜ |
tangent lineBasic | The geometric meaning of derivative is the slope of the tangent line at a point on the curve. | 切线 导数的几何意义是曲线上某点处的切线斜率。 | qiēxiàn |
slope of tangentBasic | The derivative of f(x) at x = a equals the slope of the tangent. | 切线斜率 函数 f(x) 在 x = a 处的导数等于切线斜率。 | qiēxiàn xiélǜ |
limit definitionAdvanced | Limit definition of derivative: f'(x) = lim(h→0) [f(x+h) - f(x)]/h | 极限定义 导数的极限定义:f'(x) = lim(h→0) [f(x+h) - f(x)]/h | jíxiàn dìngyì |
critical pointIntermediate | When f'(x) = 0 or f'(x) does not exist, x is a critical point. | 临界点 当 f'(x) = 0 或 f'(x) 不存在时,x 是临界点。 | línjiè diǎn |
local maximumIntermediate | If f(a) ≥ f(x) for all x near a, then f(a) is a local maximum. | 局部最大值 如果 f(a) ≥ f(x) 对于 a 附近的所有 x 成立,则 f(a) 是局部最大值。 | júbù zuìdàzhí |
local minimumIntermediate | If f(a) ≤ f(x) for all x near a, then f(a) is a local minimum. | 局部最小值 如果 f(a) ≤ f(x) 对于 a 附近的所有 x 成立,则 f(a) 是局部最小值。 | júbù zuìxiǎozhí |
optimization problemAdvanced | Derivatives can solve many optimization problems, such as finding maximum profit or minimum cost. | 最优化问题 利用导数可以解决许多最优化问题,如求最大利润或最小成本。 | zuìyōuhuà wèntí |
linear equationBasic | Point-slope form of linear equation: y - y₁ = m(x - x₁) | 直线方程 直线方程的点斜式:y - y₁ = m(x - x₁) | zhíxiàn fāngchéng |
radiusBasic | Standard equation of circle: (x - a)² + (y - b)² = r², where r is the radius. | 半径 圆的标准方程:(x - a)² + (y - b)² = r²,其中 r 是半径。 | bànjìng |
vertexBasic | The vertex of parabola y = ax² + bx + c is at (-b/2a, f(-b/2a)). | 顶点 抛物线 y = ax² + bx + c 的顶点坐标为 (-b/2a, f(-b/2a))。 | dǐngdiǎn |
focusIntermediate | An ellipse has two foci satisfying PF₁ + PF₂ = 2a (constant). | 焦点 椭圆有两个焦点,满足 PF₁ + PF₂ = 2a(常数)。 | jiāodiǎn |
eccentricityIntermediate | The eccentricity of ellipse is e = c/a, where 0 < e < 1. | 离心率 椭圆的离心率 e = c/a,其中 0 < e < 1。 | líxīnlǜ |
magnitudeBasic | The magnitude of vector a = (x, y) is |a| = √(x² + y²). | 模长 向量 a = (x, y) 的模长是 |a| = √(x² + y²)。 | mócháng |
dot productIntermediate | Dot product of vectors: a · b = |a||b|cos θ | 点积 向量点积:a · b = |a||b|cos θ | diǎnjī |
complex numberIntermediate | General form of complex number: z = a + bi, where i² = -1. | 复数 复数的一般形式:z = a + bi,其中 i² = -1。 | fùshù |
real partBasic | For complex number z = a + bi, a is the real part. | 实部 对于复数 z = a + bi,a 是实部。 | shíbù |
imaginary partBasic | For complex number z = a + bi, b is the imaginary part. | 虚部 对于复数 z = a + bi,b 是虚部。 | xūbù |
conjugateIntermediate | The conjugate of complex number z = a + bi is z̄ = a - bi. | 共轭复数 复数 z = a + bi 的共轭复数是 z̄ = a - bi。 | gòngè fùshù |
modulusIntermediate | The modulus of complex number z = a + bi is |z| = √(a² + b²). | 模 复数 z = a + bi 的模是 |z| = √(a² + b²)。 | mó |
sample spaceBasic | The sample space for flipping a coin is S = {heads, tails}. | 样本空间 抛一枚硬币的样本空间是 S = {正面, 反面}。 | yàngběn kōngjiān |
eventBasic | In probability theory, an event is a subset of the sample space. | 事件 在概率论中,事件是样本空间的子集。 | shìjiàn |
permutationIntermediate | Permutations of r items from n: P(n,r) = n!/(n-r)! | 排列 从 n 个不同元素中取 r 个的排列数:P(n,r) = n!/(n-r)! | páiliè |
combinationIntermediate | Combinations of r items from n: C(n,r) = n!/[r!(n-r)!] | 组合 从 n 个不同元素中取 r 个的组合数:C(n,r) = n!/[r!(n-r)!] | zǔhé |
factorialBasic | Factorial of 5: 5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120 | 阶乘 5 的阶乘:5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120 | jiēchéng |
medianBasic | The median of dataset {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} is 5. | 中位数 数据集 {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} 的中位数是 5。 | zhōngwèishù |
modeBasic | The mode of dataset {1, 2, 2, 3, 4} is 2. | 众数 数据集 {1, 2, 2, 3, 4} 的众数是 2。 | zhòngshù |
deviationBasic | Deviation is the difference between a data point and the mean. | 偏差 偏差是数据点与平均值之间的差异。 | piānchā |
normal distributionIntermediate | The normal distribution curve is bell-shaped and symmetric about the mean. | 正态分布 正态分布的曲线呈钟形,关于均值对称。 | zhèngtài fēnbù |
bell curveBasic | The normal distribution graph is a bell curve. | 钟形曲线 正态分布图呈钟形曲线。 | zhōngxíng qūxiàn |
random variableIntermediate | Random variable X represents the outcome of a random experiment. | 随机变量 随机变量 X 表示随机实验的结果。 | suíjī biànliàng |
equationBasic | Solve the equation: 2x + 3 = 7 | 方程 求解方程:2x + 3 = 7 | fāngchéng |
expressionBasic | Simplify the expression: 2x + 3x = 5x | 表达式 化简表达式:2x + 3x = 5x | biǎodáshì |
function
Given the function f(x) = 2x + 1, find the value of f(3).
函数
已知函数 f(x) = 2x + 1,求 f(3) 的值。
hánshù
derivative
Find the derivative of the function y = x².
导数
求函数 y = x² 的导数。
dǎoshù
integral
Calculate the definite integral ∫₀¹ x dx.
积分
计算定积分 ∫₀¹ x dx。
jīfēn
quadratic equation
Solve the equation: x² - 5x + 6 = 0
一元二次方程
解方程:x² - 5x + 6 = 0
yīyuán èrcì fāngchéng
perpendicular
Line AB is perpendicular to line CD.
垂直
直线 AB 垂直于直线 CD。
chuízhí
circle
The formula for the area of a circle: A = πr²
圆
求圆的面积公式:A = πr²
yuán
probability
The probability of getting heads when flipping a coin is 1/2.
概率
抛硬币出现正面的概率是 1/2。
gàilǜ
mean / average
The mean of the sequence 2, 4, 6, 8 is 5.
平均数
数列 2, 4, 6, 8 的平均数是 5。
píngjūnshù
slope
The slope of the line y = 2x + 1 is 2.
斜率
直线 y = 2x + 1 的斜率是 2。
xiélǜ
parabola
The graph of the function y = x² is a parabola.
抛物线
函数 y = x² 的图像是一条抛物线。
pāowùxiàn
theorem
Pythagorean theorem: a² + b² = c²
定理
勾股定理:a² + b² = c²
dìnglǐ
variable
In the equation 2x + 3 = 7, x is the variable.
变量
在方程 2x + 3 = 7 中,x 是变量。
biànliàng
coefficient
In the polynomial 3x² + 2x + 1, 3 is the coefficient of x².
系数
在多项式 3x² + 2x + 1 中,3 是 x² 的系数。
xìshù
domain
The domain of the function f(x) = 1/x is x ≠ 0.
定义域
函数 f(x) = 1/x 的定义域是 x ≠ 0。
dìngyìyù
range
The range of the function f(x) = x² is y ≥ 0.
值域
函数 f(x) = x² 的值域是 y ≥ 0。
zhíyù
set
Which of the following statements about sets is correct?
集合
下列关于集合的说法中,正确的是哪一项?
jíhé
inequality
Solve the inequality: 2x - 3 > 5
不等式
解不等式:2x - 3 > 5
bùděngshì
subset
If A ⊆ B, then A is a subset of B
子集
若 A ⊆ B,则 A 是 B 的子集
zǐjí
union
The set A ∪ B represents the union of A and B
并集
集合 A ∪ B 表示 A 与 B 的并集
bìngjí
intersection
The set A ∩ B represents the intersection of A and B
交集
集合 A ∩ B 表示 A 与 B 的交集
jiāojí
complement
Regarding the complement of set A in universal set U, which statement is incorrect?
补集
关于全集 U 中集合 A 的补集,下列说法错误的是?
bǔjí
absolute value
What is the range of the absolute value function f(x) = |x|?
绝对值
绝对值函数 f(x) = |x| 的值域是?
juéduìzhí
monotonicity
Determine the monotonicity of function f(x) = x³ on R
单调性
判断函数 f(x) = x³ 在 R 上的单调性
dāndiàoxìng
parity (odd/even function)
Determine the parity of function f(x) = x²
奇偶性
判断函数 f(x) = x² 的奇偶性
jīǒuxìng
periodicity
What is the periodicity of the trigonometric function sin(x)?
周期性
三角函数 sin(x) 的周期性是什么?
zhōuqīxìng
monotonically increasing
Given that function f(x) is monotonically increasing on interval [1, 5], find the range of a
单调递增
已知函数 f(x) 在区间 [1, 5] 上单调递增,求 a 的取值范围
dāndiào dìzēng
monotonically decreasing
Function f(x) = -x² is monotonically decreasing when x > 0
单调递减
函数 f(x) = -x² 在 x > 0 时单调递减
dāndiào dìjiǎn
inverse function
If f(x) = 2x + 1, find the inverse function f⁻¹(x)
反函数
若 f(x) = 2x + 1,求反函数 f⁻¹(x)
fǎnhánshù
composite function
Let f(x) = x² and g(x) = 2x, find the composite function f(g(x))
复合函数
设 f(x) = x² 和 g(x) = 2x,求复合函数 f(g(x))
fùhé hánshù
exponential function
What is the range of the exponential function f(x) = 2ˣ?
指数函数
指数函数 f(x) = 2ˣ 的值域是多少?
zhǐshù hánshù
logarithmic function
What is the domain of the logarithmic function f(x) = log₂(x)?
对数函数
对数函数 f(x) = log₂(x) 的定义域是什么?
duìshù hánshù
trigonometric function
Which of the following properties of trigonometric functions is correct?
三角函数
下列关于三角函数的性质,正确的是?
sānjiǎo hánshù
vector
What is the magnitude of vector a = (3, 4)?
向量
向量 a = (3, 4) 的模长是多少?
xiàngliàng
ellipse
What is the standard equation of an ellipse?
椭圆
椭圆的标准方程是什么?
tuǒyuán
hyperbola
What is the equation of the asymptotes of a hyperbola?
双曲线
双曲线的渐近线方程是什么?
shuāngqūxiàn
asymptote
Find the asymptotes of function f(x) = 1/x
渐近线
求函数 f(x) = 1/x 的渐近线
jiànjìnxiàn
sequence
What is the general term formula of sequence {aₙ}?
数列
数列 {aₙ} 的通项公式是什么?
shùliè
general term formula
Given the sum of the first n terms Sₙ = n², find the general term formula aₙ
通项公式
已知数列前 n 项和 Sₙ = n²,求通项公式 aₙ
tōngxiàng gōngshì
arithmetic sequence
General term formula for arithmetic sequence: aₙ = a₁ + (n-1)d
等差数列
等差数列的通项公式:aₙ = a₁ + (n-1)d
děngchā shùliè
geometric sequence
General term formula for geometric sequence: aₙ = a₁ · qⁿ⁻¹
等比数列
等比数列的通项公式:aₙ = a₁ · qⁿ⁻¹
děngbǐ shùliè
matrix
Find the product of matrix A and matrix B
矩阵
求矩阵 A 和矩阵 B 的乘积
jǔzhèn
determinant
Calculate the value of the determinant of a matrix
行列式
计算矩阵的行列式的值
hánglièshì
limit
Find the limit: lim(x→0) sin(x)/x
极限
求极限:lim(x→0) sin(x)/x
jíxiàn
variance
Calculate the variance of the dataset
方差
计算数据集的方差
fāngchā
standard deviation
Standard deviation equals the square root of variance
标准差
标准差等于方差的平方根
biāozhǔnchā
element
If a is an element of set A, we write a ∈ A.
元素
如果 a 是集合 A 的元素,记作 a ∈ A。
yuánsù
empty set
A set containing no elements is called the empty set, denoted ∅.
空集
不含任何元素的集合称为空集,记作 ∅。
kōngjí
universal set
In a specific problem, the set containing all objects under study is called the universal set, denoted U.
全集
在特定问题中,包含所有研究对象的集合称为全集,记作 U。
quánjí
set notation
Sets can be expressed using roster notation {1, 2, 3} or set-builder notation {x | x > 0}.
集合的表示法
集合可以用列举法 {1, 2, 3} 或描述法 {x | x > 0} 表示。
jíhé de biǎoshìfǎ
difference
The difference of sets A and B is A - B = {x | x ∈ A and x ∉ B}.
差集
集合 A 与 B 的差集 A - B = {x | x ∈ A 且 x ∉ B}。
chājí
Venn diagram
Venn diagrams visually represent relationships between sets.
韦恩图
用韦恩图可以直观地表示集合之间的关系。
wéiēntú
quadratic inequality
Solve the quadratic inequality: x² - 5x + 6 > 0
一元二次不等式
解一元二次不等式:x² - 5x + 6 > 0
yīyuán èrcì bùděngshì
solution set
The solution set of inequality x > 3 is {x | x > 3}.
解集
不等式 x > 3 的解集是 {x | x > 3}。
jiějí
discriminant
The discriminant of quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0 is Δ = b² - 4ac.
判别式
二次方程 ax² + bx + c = 0 的判别式是 Δ = b² - 4ac。
pànbiéshì
interval notation
Open interval (a, b) represents {x | a < x < b}.
区间表示法
开区间 (a, b) 表示 {x | a < x < b}。
qūjiān biǎoshìfǎ
rational inequality
Solve the rational inequality: (x + 1)/(x - 2) > 0
分式不等式
解分式不等式:(x + 1)/(x - 2) > 0
fēnshì bùděngshì
sign chart
A sign chart helps determine where a function is positive or negative.
符号表
使用符号表可以确定函数在各区间的正负性。
fúhàobiǎo
critical value
In solving inequalities, critical values are points where the expression equals zero or is undefined.
临界值
在解不等式时,临界值是使表达式为零或无定义的点。
línjiè zhí
undefined point
For function f(x) = 1/x, x = 0 is an undefined point.
无定义点
对于函数 f(x) = 1/x,x = 0 是无定义点。
wú dìngyì diǎn
test point method
Use the test point method to determine the sign of inequality in each interval.
试点法
用试点法确定不等式各区间的符号。
shìdiǎnfǎ
transitive property
If a > b and b > c, then a > c (transitive property).
传递性
如果 a > b 且 b > c,则 a > c(传递性)。
chuándìxìng
power function
The general form of a power function is f(x) = xⁿ.
幂函数
幂函数的一般形式为 f(x) = xⁿ。
mì hánshù
exponent
In 2³, 3 is the exponent.
指数
在 2³ 中,3 是指数。
zhǐshù
base
In 2³, 2 is the base.
底数
在 2³ 中,2 是底数。
dǐshù
rational exponent
x^(1/2) represents the square root of x (rational exponent).
有理指数
x^(1/2) 表示 x 的平方根(有理指数)。
yǒulǐ zhǐshù
radical form
√x is the radical form of x^(1/2).
根式形式
√x 是 x^(1/2) 的根式形式。
gēnshì xíngshì
exponential growth
Population increases in exponential growth.
指数增长
人口以指数增长的方式增加。
zhǐshù zēngzhǎng
exponential decay
Radioactive substances follow exponential decay.
指数衰减
放射性物质遵循指数衰减规律。
zhǐshù shuāijiǎn
natural exponential
The natural exponential function is f(x) = eˣ, where e ≈ 2.718.
自然指数
自然指数函数是 f(x) = eˣ,其中 e ≈ 2.718。
zìrán zhǐshù
compound interest
Compound interest formula: A = P(1 + r)ⁿ
复利
复利计算公式:A = P(1 + r)ⁿ
fùlì
natural logarithm
Natural logarithm has base e, written as ln x.
自然对数
自然对数以 e 为底,记作 ln x。
zìrán duìshù
common logarithm
Common logarithm has base 10, written as log x.
常用对数
常用对数以 10 为底,记作 log x。
chángyòng duìshù
logarithmic property
log(ab) = log a + log b (logarithmic property)
对数性质
log(ab) = log a + log b(对数性质)
duìshù xìngzhì
change of base formula
Change of base formula: logₐ b = (log b)/(log a)
换底公式
换底公式:logₐ b = (log b)/(log a)
huàndǐ gōngshì
sine
In a right triangle, sin θ = opposite/hypotenuse.
正弦
在直角三角形中,sin θ = 对边/斜边。
zhèngxián
cosine
In a right triangle, cos θ = adjacent/hypotenuse.
余弦
在直角三角形中,cos θ = 邻边/斜边。
yúxián
tangent
In a right triangle, tan θ = opposite/adjacent.
正切
在直角三角形中,tan θ = 对边/邻边。
zhèngqiē
unit circle
The unit circle has radius 1 and is used to define trigonometric functions.
单位圆
单位圆的半径为 1,用于定义三角函数。
dānwèi yuán
common difference
In an arithmetic sequence, the difference between consecutive terms is called the common difference d.
公差
等差数列中,相邻两项的差称为公差 d。
gōngchā
arithmetic mean
If a, b, c form an arithmetic sequence, then b is the arithmetic mean of a and c.
等差中项
如果 a, b, c 成等差数列,则 b 是 a 和 c 的等差中项。
děngchā zhōngxiàng
nth term formula
The nth term formula for arithmetic sequence: aₙ = a₁ + (n-1)d
通项公式
等差数列的通项公式:aₙ = a₁ + (n-1)d
tōngxiàng gōngshì
arithmetic series
Arithmetic series sum formula: Sₙ = n(a₁ + aₙ)/2
等差级数
等差级数求和公式:Sₙ = n(a₁ + aₙ)/2
děngchā jíshù
common ratio
In a geometric sequence, the ratio between consecutive terms is called the common ratio q.
公比
等比数列中,相邻两项的比值称为公比 q。
gōngbǐ
geometric mean
If a, b, c form a geometric sequence, then b² = ac.
等比中项
如果 a, b, c 成等比数列,则 b² = ac。
děngbǐ zhōngxiàng
geometric series
Geometric series sum formula: Sₙ = a₁(1 - qⁿ)/(1 - q), where q ≠ 1.
等比级数
等比级数求和公式:Sₙ = a₁(1 - qⁿ)/(1 - q),其中 q ≠ 1。
děngbǐ jíshù
infinite geometric series
When |q| < 1, infinite geometric series converges to S = a₁/(1 - q).
无穷等比级数
当 |q| < 1 时,无穷等比级数收敛于 S = a₁/(1 - q)。
wúqióng děngbǐ jíshù
instantaneous rate of change
The derivative represents the instantaneous rate of change of a function at a point.
瞬时变化率
导数表示函数在某一点的瞬时变化率。
shùnshí biànhuàlǜ
tangent line
The geometric meaning of derivative is the slope of the tangent line at a point on the curve.
切线
导数的几何意义是曲线上某点处的切线斜率。
qiēxiàn
slope of tangent
The derivative of f(x) at x = a equals the slope of the tangent.
切线斜率
函数 f(x) 在 x = a 处的导数等于切线斜率。
qiēxiàn xiélǜ
limit definition
Limit definition of derivative: f'(x) = lim(h→0) [f(x+h) - f(x)]/h
极限定义
导数的极限定义:f'(x) = lim(h→0) [f(x+h) - f(x)]/h
jíxiàn dìngyì
critical point
When f'(x) = 0 or f'(x) does not exist, x is a critical point.
临界点
当 f'(x) = 0 或 f'(x) 不存在时,x 是临界点。
línjiè diǎn
local maximum
If f(a) ≥ f(x) for all x near a, then f(a) is a local maximum.
局部最大值
如果 f(a) ≥ f(x) 对于 a 附近的所有 x 成立,则 f(a) 是局部最大值。
júbù zuìdàzhí
local minimum
If f(a) ≤ f(x) for all x near a, then f(a) is a local minimum.
局部最小值
如果 f(a) ≤ f(x) 对于 a 附近的所有 x 成立,则 f(a) 是局部最小值。
júbù zuìxiǎozhí
optimization problem
Derivatives can solve many optimization problems, such as finding maximum profit or minimum cost.
最优化问题
利用导数可以解决许多最优化问题,如求最大利润或最小成本。
zuìyōuhuà wèntí
linear equation
Point-slope form of linear equation: y - y₁ = m(x - x₁)
直线方程
直线方程的点斜式:y - y₁ = m(x - x₁)
zhíxiàn fāngchéng
radius
Standard equation of circle: (x - a)² + (y - b)² = r², where r is the radius.
半径
圆的标准方程:(x - a)² + (y - b)² = r²,其中 r 是半径。
bànjìng
vertex
The vertex of parabola y = ax² + bx + c is at (-b/2a, f(-b/2a)).
顶点
抛物线 y = ax² + bx + c 的顶点坐标为 (-b/2a, f(-b/2a))。
dǐngdiǎn
focus
An ellipse has two foci satisfying PF₁ + PF₂ = 2a (constant).
焦点
椭圆有两个焦点,满足 PF₁ + PF₂ = 2a(常数)。
jiāodiǎn
eccentricity
The eccentricity of ellipse is e = c/a, where 0 < e < 1.
离心率
椭圆的离心率 e = c/a,其中 0 < e < 1。
líxīnlǜ
magnitude
The magnitude of vector a = (x, y) is |a| = √(x² + y²).
模长
向量 a = (x, y) 的模长是 |a| = √(x² + y²)。
mócháng
dot product
Dot product of vectors: a · b = |a||b|cos θ
点积
向量点积:a · b = |a||b|cos θ
diǎnjī
complex number
General form of complex number: z = a + bi, where i² = -1.
复数
复数的一般形式:z = a + bi,其中 i² = -1。
fùshù
real part
For complex number z = a + bi, a is the real part.
实部
对于复数 z = a + bi,a 是实部。
shíbù
imaginary part
For complex number z = a + bi, b is the imaginary part.
虚部
对于复数 z = a + bi,b 是虚部。
xūbù
conjugate
The conjugate of complex number z = a + bi is z̄ = a - bi.
共轭复数
复数 z = a + bi 的共轭复数是 z̄ = a - bi。
gòngè fùshù
modulus
The modulus of complex number z = a + bi is |z| = √(a² + b²).
模
复数 z = a + bi 的模是 |z| = √(a² + b²)。
mó
sample space
The sample space for flipping a coin is S = {heads, tails}.
样本空间
抛一枚硬币的样本空间是 S = {正面, 反面}。
yàngběn kōngjiān
event
In probability theory, an event is a subset of the sample space.
事件
在概率论中,事件是样本空间的子集。
shìjiàn
permutation
Permutations of r items from n: P(n,r) = n!/(n-r)!
排列
从 n 个不同元素中取 r 个的排列数:P(n,r) = n!/(n-r)!
páiliè
combination
Combinations of r items from n: C(n,r) = n!/[r!(n-r)!]
组合
从 n 个不同元素中取 r 个的组合数:C(n,r) = n!/[r!(n-r)!]
zǔhé
factorial
Factorial of 5: 5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120
阶乘
5 的阶乘:5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120
jiēchéng
median
The median of dataset {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} is 5.
中位数
数据集 {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} 的中位数是 5。
zhōngwèishù
mode
The mode of dataset {1, 2, 2, 3, 4} is 2.
众数
数据集 {1, 2, 2, 3, 4} 的众数是 2。
zhòngshù
deviation
Deviation is the difference between a data point and the mean.
偏差
偏差是数据点与平均值之间的差异。
piānchā
normal distribution
The normal distribution curve is bell-shaped and symmetric about the mean.
正态分布
正态分布的曲线呈钟形,关于均值对称。
zhèngtài fēnbù
bell curve
The normal distribution graph is a bell curve.
钟形曲线
正态分布图呈钟形曲线。
zhōngxíng qūxiàn
random variable
Random variable X represents the outcome of a random experiment.
随机变量
随机变量 X 表示随机实验的结果。
suíjī biànliàng
equation
Solve the equation: 2x + 3 = 7
方程
求解方程:2x + 3 = 7
fāngchéng
expression
Simplify the expression: 2x + 3x = 5x
表达式
化简表达式:2x + 3x = 5x
biǎodáshì
Study Tips
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