Physik-Formelreferenz

Formelreferenz zur Vorbereitung auf die CSCA-Prüfung

Mechanik

Name	Formel	Einheit
Geschwindigkeit	$v = \frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t}$	m/s
Beschleunigung	$a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}$	m/s²
Gleichmäßige Beschleunigung	$v = v_0 + at$ Gilt für: Constant acceleration a; take the initial velocity direction as positive So fragt die echte Prüfung	-
Verschiebung	$x = v_0 t + \frac{1}{2}at^2$ Gilt für: Constant acceleration a; pair with v²−v₀²=2ax to eliminate time So fragt die echte Prüfung	m
Geschwindigkeit-Verschiebung	$v^2 = v_0^2 + 2ax$	-
Freier Fall	$h = \frac{1}{2}gt^2$ Gilt für: Released from rest under gravity alone, air resistance neglected So fragt die echte Prüfung	m
Newtons 2. Gesetz	$F = ma$ Gilt für: Acceleration is along the net force; valid for macroscopic bodies at low speed in an inertial frame So fragt die echte Prüfung	N
Schwerkraft	$W = mg$	N
Reibung	$f = \mu N$	N
Universelle Gravitation	$F = \frac{Gm_1 m_2}{r^2}$	N
Arbeit	$W = Fs\cos\theta$ Gilt für: θ is the angle between force and displacement; work is negative when θ>90° So fragt die echte Prüfung	J
Kinetische Energie	$E_k = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$ Gilt für: A scalar, never negative, independent of the direction of motion So fragt die echte Prüfung	J
Potentielle Energie (Gravitation)	$E_p = mgh$ Gilt für: h is measured from the chosen zero level; the sign of Eₚ depends on that choice So fragt die echte Prüfung	J
Elastische potentielle Energie	$E_p = \frac{1}{2}kx^2$	J
Leistung	$P = \frac{W}{t} = Fv$	W
Impuls	$p = mv$ Gilt für: A vector, directed along the velocity So fragt die echte Prüfung	kg·m/s
Kraftstoß	$I = Ft = \Delta p$	N·s
Zentripetalbeschleunigung	$a_n = \frac{v^2}{r} = \omega^2 r$ Gilt für: Always directed at the centre; it changes the direction of the velocity, not its magnitude So fragt die echte Prüfung	m/s²
Zentripetalkraft	$F_n = \frac{mv^2}{r}$	N

Elektrizität & Magnetismus

Name	Formel	Einheit
Coulombsches Gesetz	$F = \frac{kq_1 q_2}{r^2}$ Gilt für: Point charges in vacuum; k is the electrostatic constant So fragt die echte Prüfung	N
Elektrisches Feld	$E = \frac{F}{q} = \frac{kQ}{r^2}$	N/C
Spannung	$U = \frac{W}{q}$	V
Kapazität	$C = \frac{Q}{U}$	F
Parallelplattenfeld	$E = \frac{U}{d}$ Gilt für: Uniform fields only; d is measured along the field direction So fragt die echte Prüfung	V/m
Ohmsches Gesetz	$U = IR$ Gilt für: Linear ohmic elements only; non-linear ones need their I–V characteristic curve So fragt die echte Prüfung	V
Reihenwiderstand	$R = R_1 + R_2 + \cdots$	Ω
Parallelwiderstand	$\frac{1}{R} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \cdots$	Ω
Elektrische Leistung	$P = UI = I^2 R = \frac{U^2}{R}$	W
Joulesches Gesetz	$Q = I^2 R t$	J
EMK-Gleichung	$\varepsilon = I(R + r)$	V
Ampèresche Kraft	$F = BIL\sin\theta$ Gilt für: A straight current-carrying wire in a uniform field; θ is the angle between wire and field, zero when parallel, direction by the left-hand rule So fragt die echte Prüfung	N
Lorentzkraft	$F = qvB\sin\theta$ Gilt für: θ is the angle between velocity and field, zero when v∥B; the force is always perpendicular to the velocity, so it does no work on the particle So fragt die echte Prüfung	N
Magnetischer Fluss	$\Phi = BS\cos\theta$	Wb
Faradaysches Gesetz	$\varepsilon = -\frac{\Delta\Phi}{\Delta t}$	V
Transformator	$\frac{V_1}{V_2} = \frac{N_1}{N_2}$	-

Wellen & Optik

Name	Formel	Einheit
Wellengeschwindigkeit	$v = f\lambda$	m/s
Periode & Frequenz	$T = \frac{1}{f}$	s
Snelliussches Gesetz	$n_1 \sin\theta_1 = n_2 \sin\theta_2$	-
Brechungsindex	$n = \frac{c}{v}$ Gilt für: n>1, so light is slower in a medium; n varies with wavelength in the same medium So fragt die echte Prüfung	-
Grenzwinkel	$\sin\theta_c = \frac{n_2}{n_1}$	-
Linsenformel	$\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v}$	-
Vergrößerung	$m = \frac{v}{u} = \frac{h^{\prime}}{h}$	-

Thermodynamik

Name	Formel	Einheit
Wärme	$Q = mc\Delta T$	J
Ideales Gasgesetz	$pV = nRT$	-
Isotherm	$p_1 V_1 = p_2 V_2$	-
Isobar	$\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}$	-
Isochor	$\frac{p_1}{T_1} = \frac{p_2}{T_2}$	-
1. Hauptsatz	$\Delta U = W + Q$ Gilt für: W is positive when work is done on the gas, Q positive when heat is absorbed So fragt die echte Prüfung	J
Wirkungsgrad	$\eta = \frac{W}{Q_1} = 1 - \frac{Q_2}{Q_1}$	-

Moderne Physik

Name	Formel	Einheit
Photonenenergie	$E = hf = \frac{hc}{\lambda}$	J
Photoelektrischer Effekt	$E_k = hf - W_0$	J
De-Broglie-Wellenlänge	$\lambda = \frac{h}{p} = \frac{h}{mv}$	m
Masse-Energie	$E = mc^2$	J
Kernenergie	$\Delta E = \Delta m c^2$	J
Halbwertszeit	$N = N_0 \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{t/T}$	-
Bohrsches Modell Energie	$E_n = -\frac{13.6}{n^2} \text{ eV}$	eV

Interaktive Simulationen

Vertiefen Sie Ihr Verständnis durch visuelle Animationen

Newton's Second Law F=ma Interactive Simulation

Adjust force and mass to observe real-time acceleration changes. Visually understand the meaning of F=ma.

F = maa = \frac{F}{m}

5 minBasicInteraktiv

Kinematics Interactive Simulation

Simulate uniform acceleration motion with synchronized s-t, v-t, a-t graphs. Visually understand kinematics formulas.

s = v_0 t + \frac{1}{2}at^2v = v_0 + at

5 minBasicInteraktiv

Work & Energy Interactive Simulation

Inclined plane simulation showing real-time conversion of kinetic energy, potential energy, and friction loss.

W = Fs\cos\thetaE_k = \frac{1}{2}mv^2

5 minBasicInteraktiv

Electrostatics & Coulomb's Law Visualization

Place point charges to observe electric field lines and equipotential lines. Calculate Coulomb force.

F = k\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}E = \frac{F}{q}

5 minIntermediateInteraktiv

DC Circuit Analysis Simulation

Series and parallel circuit visualization with animated current flow. Real-time voltage, current, resistance, and power calculations.

V = IRR_s = R_1 + R_2

5 minBasicInteraktiv

Circular Motion Interactive Simulation

Visualize uniform circular motion with real-time centripetal force, acceleration, and velocity vectors.

F_c = \frac{mv^2}{r}a_c = \omega^2 r

5 minBasicInteraktiv

Momentum & Collisions Interactive Simulation

1D two-object collision simulator with elastic and inelastic modes. Visually demonstrate momentum conservation.

p = mvm_1v_1 + m_2v_2 = m_1v_1' + m_2v_2'

5 minBasicInteraktiv

Geometric Optics Thin Lens Interactive Simulation

Thin lens ray diagram with draggable object. Observe real and virtual image formation and understand imaging rules.

\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v}M = \frac{v}{u}

5 minBasicInteraktiv

Wave Motion Interactive Simulation

Transverse wave simulation. Adjust amplitude, wavelength, and frequency. Compare traveling waves and standing waves.

y = A\sin(kx - \omega t)v = f\lambda

5 minIntermediateInteraktiv

Charged Particle in Magnetic Field Simulation

Simulate charged particle circular motion in uniform magnetic field. Understand Lorentz force.

F = qvBr = \frac{mv}{qB}

5 minIntermediateInteraktiv

Wave Optics Double-Slit Interference Simulation

Young's double-slit experiment simulation. Adjust slit separation and wavelength to observe interference pattern changes.

d\sin\theta = n\lambda\Delta x = \frac{\lambda L}{d}

5 minIntermediateInteraktiv

Ideal Gas Law Interactive Simulation

Piston-cylinder model with particle animation showing temperature-pressure relationship. Real-time PV diagram tracing.

PV = nRT\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}

5 minBasicInteraktiv

First Law of Thermodynamics Interactive Simulation

Energy conservation visualization showing the balance between heat Q, work W, and internal energy change ΔU.

\Delta U = Q - WW = \int P\,dV

5 minIntermediateInteraktiv

Photoelectric Effect Interactive Simulation

Simulate the photoelectric effect experiment. Adjust light frequency and metal material to observe photoelectron emission conditions.

E_k = h\nu - W_0\nu_0 = \frac{W_0}{h}

5 minIntermediateInteraktiv

Electromagnetic Induction Interactive Simulation

Simulate a coil moving through a magnetic field region. Real-time magnetic flux and induced EMF graphs. Understand Faraday's law.

\varepsilon = -\frac{d\Phi}{dt}\Phi = BA\cos\theta

5 minIntermediateInteraktiv

Bereit zum Üben?

Wenden Sie diese Formeln in Übungsaufgaben an