Skip to main content
2026년 11월 14일 ~ 15일 시험까지:

물리 공식 참고서

CSCA 시험 준비를 위한 공식 참고

역학

이름공식단위
속도v=ΔxΔtv = \frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t}m/s
가속도a=ΔvΔta = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}m/s²
등가속도 운동v=v0+atv = v_0 + at

적용 조건: Constant acceleration a; take the initial velocity direction as positive

실제 시험 출제 방식
-
변위x=v0t+12at2x = v_0 t + \frac{1}{2}at^2

적용 조건: Constant acceleration a; pair with v²−v₀²=2ax to eliminate time

실제 시험 출제 방식
m
속도-변위 관계v2=v02+2axv^2 = v_0^2 + 2ax-
자유 낙하h=12gt2h = \frac{1}{2}gt^2

적용 조건: Released from rest under gravity alone, air resistance neglected

실제 시험 출제 방식
m
뉴턴의 제2법칙F=maF = ma

적용 조건: Acceleration is along the net force; valid for macroscopic bodies at low speed in an inertial frame

실제 시험 출제 방식
N
중력W=mgW = mgN
마찰력f=μNf = \mu NN
만유인력F=Gm1m2r2F = \frac{Gm_1 m_2}{r^2}N
일W=Fscos⁡θW = Fs\cos\theta

적용 조건: θ is the angle between force and displacement; work is negative when θ>90°

실제 시험 출제 방식
J
운동 에너지Ek=12mv2E_k = \frac{1}{2}mv^2

적용 조건: A scalar, never negative, independent of the direction of motion

실제 시험 출제 방식
J
중력 위치 에너지Ep=mghE_p = mgh

적용 조건: h is measured from the chosen zero level; the sign of Eₚ depends on that choice

실제 시험 출제 방식
J
탄성 위치 에너지Ep=12kx2E_p = \frac{1}{2}kx^2J
일률P=Wt=FvP = \frac{W}{t} = FvW
운동량p=mvp = mv

적용 조건: A vector, directed along the velocity

실제 시험 출제 방식
kg·m/s
충격량I=Ft=ΔpI = Ft = \Delta pN·s
구심 가속도an=v2r=ω2ra_n = \frac{v^2}{r} = \omega^2 r

적용 조건: Always directed at the centre; it changes the direction of the velocity, not its magnitude

실제 시험 출제 방식
m/s²
구심력Fn=mv2rF_n = \frac{mv^2}{r}N

전기와 자기

이름공식단위
쿨롱의 법칙F=kq1q2r2F = \frac{kq_1 q_2}{r^2}

적용 조건: Point charges in vacuum; k is the electrostatic constant

실제 시험 출제 방식
N
전기장E=Fq=kQr2E = \frac{F}{q} = \frac{kQ}{r^2}N/C
전위차U=WqU = \frac{W}{q}V
전기 용량C=QUC = \frac{Q}{U}F
평행판 전기장E=UdE = \frac{U}{d}

적용 조건: Uniform fields only; d is measured along the field direction

실제 시험 출제 방식
V/m
옴의 법칙U=IRU = IR

적용 조건: Linear ohmic elements only; non-linear ones need their I–V characteristic curve

실제 시험 출제 방식
V
직렬 저항R=R1+R2+⋯R = R_1 + R_2 + \cdotsΩ
병렬 저항1R=1R1+1R2+⋯\frac{1}{R} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \cdotsΩ
전력P=UI=I2R=U2RP = UI = I^2 R = \frac{U^2}{R}W
줄의 법칙Q=I2RtQ = I^2 R tJ
EMF 방정식ε=I(R+r)\varepsilon = I(R + r)V
암페어 힘F=BILsin⁡θF = BIL\sin\theta

적용 조건: A straight current-carrying wire in a uniform field; θ is the angle between wire and field, zero when parallel, direction by the left-hand rule

실제 시험 출제 방식
N
로렌츠 힘F=qvBsin⁡θF = qvB\sin\theta

적용 조건: θ is the angle between velocity and field, zero when v∥B; the force is always perpendicular to the velocity, so it does no work on the particle

실제 시험 출제 방식
N
자기 선속Φ=BScos⁡θ\Phi = BS\cos\thetaWb
패러데이 법칙ε=−ΔΦΔt\varepsilon = -\frac{\Delta\Phi}{\Delta t}V
변압기V1V2=N1N2\frac{V_1}{V_2} = \frac{N_1}{N_2}-

파동과 광학

이름공식단위
파동 속도v=fλv = f\lambdam/s
주기와 진동수T=1fT = \frac{1}{f}s
스넬의 법칙n1sin⁡θ1=n2sin⁡θ2n_1 \sin\theta_1 = n_2 \sin\theta_2-
굴절률n=cvn = \frac{c}{v}

적용 조건: n>1, so light is slower in a medium; n varies with wavelength in the same medium

실제 시험 출제 방식
-
임계각sin⁡θc=n2n1\sin\theta_c = \frac{n_2}{n_1}-
렌즈 공식1f=1u+1v\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v}-
배율m=vu=h′hm = \frac{v}{u} = \frac{h^{\prime}}{h}-

열역학

이름공식단위
열량Q=mcΔTQ = mc\Delta TJ
이상 기체 법칙pV=nRTpV = nRT-
등온 과정p1V1=p2V2p_1 V_1 = p_2 V_2-
등압 과정V1T1=V2T2\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}-
등적 과정p1T1=p2T2\frac{p_1}{T_1} = \frac{p_2}{T_2}-
열역학 제1법칙ΔU=W+Q\Delta U = W + Q

적용 조건: W is positive when work is done on the gas, Q positive when heat is absorbed

실제 시험 출제 방식
J
효율η=WQ1=1−Q2Q1\eta = \frac{W}{Q_1} = 1 - \frac{Q_2}{Q_1}-

현대 물리학

이름공식단위
광자 에너지E=hf=hcλE = hf = \frac{hc}{\lambda}J
광전 효과Ek=hf−W0E_k = hf - W_0J
드브로이 파장λ=hp=hmv\lambda = \frac{h}{p} = \frac{h}{mv}m
질량-에너지E=mc2E = mc^2J
핵에너지ΔE=Δmc2\Delta E = \Delta m c^2J
반감기N=N0(12)t/TN = N_0 \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{t/T}-
보어 모형 에너지En=−13.6n2 eVE_n = -\frac{13.6}{n^2} \text{ eV}eV

인터랙티브 시뮬레이션

시각적 애니메이션으로 핵심 개념을 깊이 이해하세요

Newton's Second Law F=ma Interactive Simulation

Adjust force and mass to observe real-time acceleration changes. Visually understand the meaning of F=ma.

5 minBasic인터랙티브

Kinematics Interactive Simulation

Simulate uniform acceleration motion with synchronized s-t, v-t, a-t graphs. Visually understand kinematics formulas.

5 minBasic인터랙티브

Work & Energy Interactive Simulation

Inclined plane simulation showing real-time conversion of kinetic energy, potential energy, and friction loss.

5 minBasic인터랙티브

Electrostatics & Coulomb's Law Visualization

Place point charges to observe electric field lines and equipotential lines. Calculate Coulomb force.

5 minIntermediate인터랙티브

DC Circuit Analysis Simulation

Series and parallel circuit visualization with animated current flow. Real-time voltage, current, resistance, and power calculations.

5 minBasic인터랙티브

Circular Motion Interactive Simulation

Visualize uniform circular motion with real-time centripetal force, acceleration, and velocity vectors.

5 minBasic인터랙티브

Momentum & Collisions Interactive Simulation

1D two-object collision simulator with elastic and inelastic modes. Visually demonstrate momentum conservation.

5 minBasic인터랙티브

Geometric Optics Thin Lens Interactive Simulation

Thin lens ray diagram with draggable object. Observe real and virtual image formation and understand imaging rules.

5 minBasic인터랙티브

Wave Motion Interactive Simulation

Transverse wave simulation. Adjust amplitude, wavelength, and frequency. Compare traveling waves and standing waves.

5 minIntermediate인터랙티브

Charged Particle in Magnetic Field Simulation

Simulate charged particle circular motion in uniform magnetic field. Understand Lorentz force.

5 minIntermediate인터랙티브

Wave Optics Double-Slit Interference Simulation

Young's double-slit experiment simulation. Adjust slit separation and wavelength to observe interference pattern changes.

5 minIntermediate인터랙티브

Ideal Gas Law Interactive Simulation

Piston-cylinder model with particle animation showing temperature-pressure relationship. Real-time PV diagram tracing.

5 minBasic인터랙티브

First Law of Thermodynamics Interactive Simulation

Energy conservation visualization showing the balance between heat Q, work W, and internal energy change ΔU.

5 minIntermediate인터랙티브

Photoelectric Effect Interactive Simulation

Simulate the photoelectric effect experiment. Adjust light frequency and metal material to observe photoelectron emission conditions.

5 minIntermediate인터랙티브

Electromagnetic Induction Interactive Simulation

Simulate a coil moving through a magnetic field region. Real-time magnetic flux and induced EMF graphs. Understand Faraday's law.

5 minIntermediate인터랙티브

연습할 준비가 되셨나요?

연습 문제를 통해 공식을 적용해 보세요