Steady Current and DC Circuits
恒定电流与直流电路
The definition and microscopic expression of current, Ohm's law, voltage and resistance in series and parallel circuits, and reading current–voltage characteristic curves.
Formulas
Definition of electric current
DefinitionApplies when:q is the charge crossing a section in time t; microscopically I=nqSv
Ohm's law
LawApplies when:Linear ohmic elements only; non-linear ones need their I–V characteristic curve
Resistors in series
FormulaApplies when:The current is the same throughout; voltage divides in proportion to resistance
Resistors in parallel
FormulaApplies when:The voltage is the same across each; current divides inversely with resistance
How the real exam tests it
Questions from real CSCA papers that test this concept. Work each one out before you open the answer.
- CSCA Physics December 2025 Past PaperThe total resistance when two resistors of and are connected in parallel is ( ).
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
See it in the full CSCA Physics December 2025 Past PaperShow answer & solution
Answer: D
1 Parallel resistors: . 2 . - CSCA Physics March 2026 Past PaperTwo resistors ( and ) connected in parallel have a total resistance of
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
Take the full CSCA Physics March 2026 Past Paper — timed & gradedShow answer & solution
Answer: A
. Parallel resistance is always less than the smallest resistor ( ), eliminating B, C, D. Answer: A. - CSCA Physics April 2026 Past PaperA resistor and a resistor are connected in parallel. Their equivalent resistance is
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
Take the full CSCA Physics April 2026 Past Paper — timed & gradedShow answer & solution
Answer: D
, so .
Real-exam evidence
Recorded past-paper appearances are listed below; online verification is labelled separately.
- CSCA Physics April 2026 Past Paper3 questionsreading page not yet public
- CSCA Physics March 2026 Past Paper3 questionsreading page not yet public
- CSCA Physics January 2026 Past Paper3 questionsreading page not yet public
- CSCA Physics December 2025 Past Paper2 questionsView question 26 and answer free (full paper)View question 27 and answer free (full paper)
19 questions across 6 mock papers — our own papers, so a coverage signal rather than real-exam evidence
43 related practice questions availablePractise free: DC Circuits
Sitting evidence comes from the CSCA past papers on record; questions whose original paper is missing are excluded, and sprint papers are deliberately not counted.