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Bis zur nächsten Prüfung am 14.–15. November 2026:

Chemie-Formelreferenz

Formelreferenz zur Vorbereitung auf die CSCA-Prüfung

Grundkonzepte

NameFormelEinheit
Stoffmengen=NNAn = \frac{N}{N_A}mol
Molare MasseM=mnM = \frac{m}{n}g/mol
Avogadro-KonstanteNA=6.02×1023N_A = 6.02 \times 10^{23}/mol
Stoffmengenkonzentrationc=nVc = \frac{n}{V}

Gilt für: V is the volume of the solution, not of the solvent; units mol/L

So fragt die echte Prüfung
mol/L
Molares Volumen (STP)Vm=22.4 L/molV_m = 22.4 \text{ L/mol}

Gilt für: Gases only; the molar volume is 22.4 L/mol at STP (0 °C, 101 kPa) — that value does not carry over to other conditions

So fragt die echte Prüfung
L/mol
Massenanteilw=msolutemsolution×100%w = \frac{m_{\text{solute}}}{m_{\text{solution}}} \times 100\%

Gilt für: The denominator is the mass of the solution (solute plus solvent), not of the solvent

So fragt die echte Prüfung
%
Dichteρ=mV\rho = \frac{m}{V}g/mL
Ideales GasgesetzPV=nRTPV = nRT-
Verdünnungsformelc1V1=c2V2c_1 V_1 = c_2 V_2

Gilt für: The amount of solute is unchanged by dilution; valid only when diluting, not reacting

So fragt die echte Prüfung
-

Stöchiometrie

NameFormelEinheit
Massenerhaltungmreactants=mproductsm_{\text{reactants}} = m_{\text{products}}-
Gasdichte (STP)ρ=M22.4\rho = \frac{M}{22.4}g/L
Mittlere molare MasseMˉ=∑niMi∑ni\bar{M} = \frac{\sum n_i M_i}{\sum n_i}g/mol
Theoretische AusbeuteYield=actualtheoretical×100%\text{Yield} = \frac{\text{actual}}{\text{theoretical}} \times 100\%%

Thermochemie

NameFormelEinheit
EnthalpieänderungΔH=Hproducts−Hreactants\Delta H = H_{\text{products}} - H_{\text{reactants}}kJ/mol
Satz von HessΔHtotal=ΔH1+ΔH2+⋯\Delta H_{\text{total}} = \Delta H_1 + \Delta H_2 + \cdotskJ/mol
VerbrennungswärmeQ=n⋅ΔHcQ = n \cdot \Delta H_ckJ
NeutralisationswärmeΔH≈−57.3 kJ/mol\Delta H \approx -57.3 \text{ kJ/mol}kJ/mol
Bindungsenergie und EnthalpieΔH=∑Ebroken−∑Eformed\Delta H = \sum E_{\text{broken}} - \sum E_{\text{formed}}kJ/mol

Chemisches Gleichgewicht

NameFormelEinheit
Gleichgewichtskonstante (Kc)Kc=[C]c[D]d[A]a[B]bK_c = \frac{[C]^c [D]^d}{[A]^a [B]^b}-
Druckgleichgewichtskonstante (Kp)Kp=pCc⋅pDdpAa⋅pBbK_p = \frac{p_C^c \cdot p_D^d}{p_A^a \cdot p_B^b}-
ReaktionsquotientQ<K⇒forward,  Q>K⇒reverse,  Q=K⇒equilibriumQ < K \Rightarrow \text{forward},\; Q > K \Rightarrow \text{reverse},\; Q = K \Rightarrow \text{equilibrium}-
Umsatzrateα=n0−nn0×100%\alpha = \frac{n_0 - n}{n_0} \times 100\%%

Chemische Kinetik

NameFormelEinheit
Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitv=ΔcΔtv = \frac{\Delta c}{\Delta t}

Gilt für: An average rate over the interval, always positive; rates quoted for different species are in the ratio of their stoichiometric coefficients

So fragt die echte Prüfung
mol/(L*s)
Geschwindigkeitsgesetzv=k[A]m[B]nv = k[A]^m [B]^n-
Arrhenius-Gleichungk=Ae−Ea/RTk = A e^{-E_a / RT}-
Halbwertszeit (1. Ordnung)t1/2=ln⁡2kt_{1/2} = \frac{\ln 2}{k}s

Elektrochemie

NameFormelEinheit
Faraday-KonstanteF=96500 C/molF = 96500 \text{ C/mol}C/mol
Elektrolysemassem=MItnFm = \frac{M I t}{n F}g
Zell-EMKE=E+−E−E = E^{+} - E^{-}V
Nernst-GleichungE=E∘−RTnFln⁡QE = E^\circ - \frac{RT}{nF} \ln QV

Säure-Base-Gleichgewicht

NameFormelEinheit
pH-DefinitionpH=−lg⁡[H+]pH = -\lg [H^+]-
pOH-DefinitionpOH=−lg⁡[OH−]pOH = -\lg [OH^-]-
Ionenprodukt des WassersKw=[H+][OH−]=10−14K_w = [H^+][OH^-] = 10^{-14}

Gilt für: The ionic product is 1×10⁻¹⁴ at 25 °C; it varies with temperature only — adding acid or base does not change it

So fragt die echte Prüfung
-
pH + pOHpH+pOH=14(25∘C)pH + pOH = 14 \quad (25^\circ C)-
SäuredissoziationKa=[H+][A−][HA]K_a = \frac{[H^+][A^-]}{[HA]}-
PuffergleichungpH=pKa+lg⁡[A−][HA]pH = pK_a + \lg \frac{[A^-]}{[HA]}-

Löslichkeitsgleichgewicht

NameFormelEinheit
LöslichkeitsproduktKsp=[M+]m[A−]nK_{sp} = [M^+]^m [A^-]^n-
Löslichkeits=Kspns = \sqrt[n]{K_{sp}}mol/L
FällungsbedingungQsp>Ksp⇒precipitate formsQ_{sp} > K_{sp} \Rightarrow \text{precipitate forms}-

Interaktive Simulationen

Vertiefen Sie Ihr Verständnis durch visuelle Animationen

Acid-Base Neutralization Visualization

Simulate HCl and NaOH neutralization. Observe pH changes and ion bonding process.

5 minBasicInteraktiv

Mole Calculation Interactive Tool

Select a substance and convert between mass, moles, particle count, and gas volume. Understand the mole concept.

5 minBeginnerInteraktiv

Matter Classification Interactive Exercise

Drag substances to the correct category. Master classification of pure substances, mixtures, elements, and compounds.

5 minBeginnerInteraktiv

Chemical Nomenclature Interactive Quiz

Practice converting between chemical formulas and names. Covers oxides, acids, bases, and salts.

5 minBeginnerInteraktiv

Reaction Rate Interactive Simulation

Concentration-time curves with particle collision animation. Adjust temperature and catalyst to observe rate changes.

5 minBasicInteraktiv

Redox Reactions & Galvanic Cell Simulation

Galvanic cell animation showing electron flow, ion migration, and electrode potential. Understand redox reactions.

5 minBasicInteraktiv

Solution pH Interactive Simulation

Acid-base titration simulation with real-time pH curve and solution color changes.

5 minBasicInteraktiv

Atomic Structure & Periodic Law Interactive Demo

Interactive periodic table showing electron configurations and periodic trends (atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity).

5 minBasicInteraktiv

Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure Interactive Demo

Compare ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds. Lewis structure visualization. Understand molecular polarity.

5 minBasicInteraktiv

Ionic Reactions Interactive Demo

Demonstrate conversion from molecular to ionic equations. Identify spectator ions and net ionic equations.

5 minBasicInteraktiv

Organic Chemistry Interactive Demo

Hydrocarbon molecular structures, functional group identification, and isomer counting.

5 minBasicInteraktiv

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