Atomic Structure

Question 1

Question 1: 1. Physicists obtain correct scientific knowledge through in-depth observation and study of experime...

1. Physicists obtain correct scientific knowledge through in-depth observation and study of experiments; promote the development of physics. The following statements are consistent with the facts

A. A. Thomson showed that the nucleus of an atom has a complex structure through his study of cathode rays
B. B. Chadwick bombarded ${ } ^ { \alpha }$ particles with ${ } ^ { 14 } \mathrm {~N}$ to obtain the recoil nucleus ${ } ^ { 17 } \mathrm { O }$, discovering the neutron
C. C. Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect further confirmed that light has a fluctuating nature
D. D. Rutherford proposed a model for the nuclear-like structure of the atom through his studies of $\alpha$ particle scattering experiments

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A.Thomson discovered electrons through his study of cathode rays, thus revealing that atoms have a complex structure, A error; B.Chadwick discovered the neutron by bombarding the beryllium nucleus with $\alpha$ particles, B error; C. In his study of the photoelectric effect, Einstein proposed that light has a particle nature, C error; D. Rutherford proposed a model for the nuclear structure of the atom with the study of $\alpha$ particle scattering experiments, D is correct.

Question 2

Question 2: 2. One of the following statements about the $\alpha$ particle scattering experiment is correct

2. One of the following statements about the $\alpha$ particle scattering experiment is correct

A. A. Experiments have shown that atoms have a very large nucleus in the center, which occupies the majority of the atomic volume
B. B. Experiments have shown that atoms have a very small nucleus in the center that concentrates all of the atom's positive charge
C. C. Experiments have shown that the nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons
D. D. The experiment showed that the experiment confirmed the correctness of Thomson's model of the atom

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: The experiment shows that there is a very small nucleus in the center of the atom, concentrating all the positive charges of the atom, occupying a very small part of the volume of the atom, confirming the nuclear structure of the atom, but the experiment can not show that the nucleus of the atom is composed of protons and neutrons. The experiment does not show that the nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons.

Question 3

Question 3: 3. The following experiments can confirm that light has a particle nature is

3. The following experiments can confirm that light has a particle nature is

A. A. $\alpha$ Particle Scattering Experiments
B. B. photoelectric effect experiment
C. C. Single-slit diffraction experiment of light
D. D. Experiments on double-slit interference of light

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: A.$\alpha$ particle scattering experiments show that atoms have a nuclear structure, which is not related to the nature of light, A is wrong; B.The photoelectric effect experiment confirms that light has a particle nature, B is correct; CD. The single-slit diffraction experiment of light and the double-slit interference experiment of light both indicate that light has fluctuation, CD is wrong.

Question 4

Question 4: 4. The following historical facts about physics are in correct chronological order (1) Thomson's dis...

4. The following historical facts about physics are in correct chronological order (1) Thomson's discovery of the electron (2) Rutherford's discovery of the proton (3) Chadwick's discovery of the neutron (4) Rutherford proposed the nuclear structure of the atom

A. A. (1) (2) (4) (3)
B. B. (1) (4) (2) (3)
C. C. (4) (3) (1) (2)
D. D. (2) (3) (4) (1)

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: First Thomson discovered the electron, then Rutherford proposed the nuclear structure of the atom, later Rutherford discovered the proton, and finally Chadwick discovered the neutron; so in chronological order (1) (4) (2) (3).

Question 5

Question 5: 5. Particle Scattering Experiment via $\alpha$

5. Particle Scattering Experiment via $\alpha$

A. A. Discovered the electron
B. B. Modeled the nuclear structure of the atom
C. C. Einstein established the mass-energy equation
D. D. Discovery of the natural radioactivity of certain elements

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: Rutherford experimented with $\alpha$ particle scattering and first proposed a model of the nuclear structure of the atom, so B is correct and ACD is wrong.

Question 6

Question 6: 6. In the study of physical phenomena often need to establish a reasonable physical model, the follo...

6. In the study of physical phenomena often need to establish a reasonable physical model, the following model construction in line with science is

A. A. The process of rendezvous and docking between Chang'e 5 and the Return Vehicle can be modeled by considering Chang'e 5 as a mass point.
B. B. Studying the process of falling leaves on the Earth's surface can be viewed as a free-fall model
C. C. Interpreting the hydrogen atom spectrum can be done with Rutherford's nuclear structure model
D. D. Explaining the phenomenon of the photoelectric effect can be done with Einstein's photon model

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A. Docking process should be fine match with each other's structure, shape is the main factor, can not be regarded as a mass, so A error; B. Air resistance is an important factor that cannot be ignored, so B is wrong; C. The Bohr quantization model should be used, so C is wrong; D. Einstein's photon theory combined with the law of conservation of energy can explain the law of photoelectric effect, so D is correct;

Question 7

Question 7: 8. The following are a number of accounts of the content of modern physics, of which the correct one...

8. The following are a number of accounts of the content of modern physics, of which the correct one is ()

A. A. The greater the specific binding energy of an atomic nucleus the more stable it is
B. B. The photoelectric effect cannot occur when a beam of light is shone on a metal, probably because the light intensity of the beam is too small.
C. C. According to Bohr's theory, when an electron outside the nucleus of a hydrogen atom leaps from an orbital with a smaller radius to an orbital with a larger radius, the potential energy of the electron decreases, but the energy of the atom increases
D. D. One $\beta$ decay of the nucleus of an atom results in the loss of one electron in the outer layers of that atom

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: A. The greater the specific binding energy of the nucleus, the more strongly the nuclei are bound, and the more stable the nucleus is, so A is correct; B. A beam of light irradiation to a metal can not occur on the photoelectric effect, may be because of the frequency of this beam of light is too small, and the intensity of light has nothing to do with, so B error; C. According to the Bohr theory, the hydrogen atom electrons from the radius of the smaller orbital jump to the radius of the orbit, absorption energy amount, the potential energy of the electron increases, the kinetic energy decreases, the energy of the atom increases, so C error; D. The $\beta$ decay process of the atomic nucleus is the process of releasing electrons by transforming neutrons into protons, and the electrons outside the nucleus are not involved in the reaction, so D is wrong.

Question 8

Question 8: 9. Many scientists have contributed to the development of electromagnetism. The following statements...

9. Many scientists have contributed to the development of electromagnetism. The following statements are correct

A. A. Ampere discovered the magnetic effect of electric currents; Faraday discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction
B. B. Maxwell predicted electromagnetic waves; Lenzi experimentally confirmed their existence
C. C. Coulomb proposed electric field lines; Milligan determined the value of meta-charge through the oil drop experiment
D. D. The induced current follows the direction described by Corrugated's Law, which is a corollary of the law of conservation of energy

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A. Auster discovered the existence of a magnetic field around an energized wire, that is, the magnetic effect of electric current, Faraday discovered the magnetic generation of electricity, that is, electromagnetic induction, option A is wrong; B. Maxwell predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves according to the change of the magnetic field and the change of the electric field between the mutual conversion, his students Hertz experimentally confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves, B error; C. Faraday first put forward the concept of "field", and electric field lines to describe the electric field, through the oil drop experiment to determine the value of the meta-charge is Milligan, C error; D. flute law according to the magnetic field generated by the induced current is always impeded by the original change in magnetic flux, is the magnetic field and the electric field between the mutual conversion, abide by the law of conservation of energy, D is correct;

Question 9

Question 9: 10. Cathode rays are

10. Cathode rays are

A. A. electron flow
B. B. proton stream
C. C. neutron flow
D. D. $\alpha$ Particle Flow

Answer

Answer: A

Question 10

Question 10: 11. As shown in the figure, $+ Q$ represents the nucleus of a gold atom, and $\alpha$ particles dire...

11. As shown in the figure, $+ Q$ represents the nucleus of a gold atom, and $\alpha$ particles directed at the nucleus of the gold atom are scattered, and their deflection orbits are likely to be the ones shown in the figure ( ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-001.jpg)

A. A. $b$
B. B. $c$
C. C. $d$
D. D. $e$

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: In the scattering phenomenon of $\alpha$ particles, since $\alpha$ particles are positively charged, the force of the gold nucleus is repulsive, and according to the characteristics of the curved motion, it can be seen that the repulsive force is pointing to the inner side of the trajectory, and only $c$ meets the requirements, B is correct and ACD is wrong. B is correct, ACD is wrong.

Question 11

Question 11: 12. The following statements are correct

12. The following statements are correct

A. A. The lines of magnetic susceptibility always start at the north pole of a magnet and terminate at the south pole of the magnet
B. B. A small piece of energized wire is not subject to magnetic force at a place where the magnetic induction must be zero
C. C. Hertz experimentally captured electromagnetic waves, confirming Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism
D. D. Changes in the energy of some very few electrically charged particles in the microscopic world can be continuous.

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: A. On the outside of a magnet, the lines of magnetic susceptibility travel from the north pole of the magnet to the south pole of the magnet, and on the inside of the magnet, they travel from the south pole to the north pole of the magnet, so A is wrong; B. A small piece of energized wire is not subject to magnetic field force at a certain place, may be the magnetic induction intensity is zero, or the direction of the current is parallel to the direction of the magnetic field, so B error; C. Hertz captured the electromagnetic waves through experiments, confirmed Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, so C is correct; D. The microscopic world of some very few charged particles of energy change is not continuous, so D error.

Question 12

Question 12: 13. The energy level diagram of the hydrogen atom is shown in the figure, and a large number of hydr...

13. The energy level diagram of the hydrogen atom is shown in the figure, and a large number of hydrogen atoms have spontaneously jumped to lower energy levels from the $n = 4$ energy level. The escape work of zinc metal is known to be 3.34 eV, and the photon energy range of visible light is $1.62 \sim 3.11 \mathrm { eV }$. Then a large number of hydrogen atoms jump when ) | $n$ | $E _ { n } / \mathrm { eV }$ | | :--- | :---: | $E _ { n } / \mathrm { eV }$ | $\infty$ | 0 | | 5 | - 0.54 | | 3 | - 0.85 | 2 | - 1.51 | 2 | - 3.85 | 2 | - 1.51 | 2 | - 3.85 | 2 | - 3.40 | 1 $\_\_\_\_$ -13.6

A. A. Emits up to 3 different frequencies of photons
B. B. Emits up to 3 different frequencies of visible light
C. C. The light emitted by the energy level jump from $n = 4$ to $n = 1$ is most likely to diffract
D. D. Up to 3 photons of different frequencies can cause the photoelectric effect on zinc

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A. A large number of hydrogen atoms spontaneously jump from the ${ } ^ { n = 4 }$ energy level to the lower energy level, and according to ${ } ^ { C _ { 4 } ^ { 2 } } = 6$, they can radiate up to six different frequencies. According to ${ } ^ { C _ { 4 } ^ { 2 } } = 6$, it can be known that up to six different frequencies of photons can be radiated, so A is wrong; B . According to $E _ { 4 } - E _ { 1 } = 12.75 \mathrm { eV } , E _ { 3 } - E _ { 1 } = 12.09 \mathrm { eV } , E _ { 2 } - E _ { 1 } = 10.2 \mathrm { eV } , E _ { 4 } - E _ { 2 } = 2.55 \mathrm { eV }$, the $E _ { 4 } - E _ { 1 } = 12.75 \mathrm { eV } , E _ { 3 } - E _ { 1 } = 12.09 \mathrm { eV } , E _ { 2 } - E _ { 1 } = 10.2 \mathrm { eV } , E _ { 4 } - E _ { 2 } = 2.55 \mathrm { eV }$ $E _ { 3 } - E _ { 2 } = 1.89 \mathrm { eV } \quad E _ { 4 } - E _ { 3 } = 0.66 \mathrm { eV }$ According to $E _ { 4 } - E _ { 1 } = 12.75 \mathrm { eV } , E _ { 3 } - E _ { 1 } = 12.09 \mathrm { eV } , E _ { 2 } - E _ { 1 } = 10.2 \mathrm { eV } , E _ { 4 } - E _ { 2 } = 2.55 \mathrm { eV }$ and $E _ { 3 } - E _ { 2 } = 1.89 \mathrm { eV } \quad E _ { 4 } - E _ { 3 } = 0.66 \mathrm { eV }$, the photon energy of visible light is known to be $1.62 \sim 3.11 \mathrm { eV }$, then at most 2 different frequencies of visible light can be radiated, so B is wrong; C. From $n = 4$ to $n = 1$ energy level jump issued by the light, the photon energy is the largest, the frequency is the largest, the wavelength is the shortest, the least likely to diffraction, so C error; D. known metal zinc escape work of 3.34 eV, can be known to radiate photons of different frequencies of up to three kinds of photoelectric effect can make the zinc, so D is correct.

Question 13

Question 13: 16. The following four diagrams relate to different physics, of which the correct statements are ![...

16. The following four diagrams relate to different physics, of which the correct statements are ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-002.jpg) A ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-003.jpg) B ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-004.jpg) C ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-005.jpg) D

A. A. Figure A: Planck successfully explained the photoelectric effect by proposing the concept of energizer through the study of blackbody radiation
B. B. Figure B: Bohr's theory states that the energy levels of the hydrogen atom are discrete, so the frequency of photons emitted by the atom is discontinuous
C. C. Figure C: By analyzing the results of the $a$ particle scattering experiment, Rutherford discovered that the proton
D. D. Figure D: Based on the diffraction pattern of the electron beam after passing through the aluminum foil, it can be shown that the electrons have a particle nature

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: A. Planck proposed the concept of energizer through the study of black body radiation, Einstein successfully explained the phenomenon of photoelectric effect, A error; B. Borel put forward his own model of the atom, he pointed out that the hydrogen atom energy levels are discrete, explaining the frequency of photons emitted by atoms is discontinuous, B correct; C. Rutherford proposed a model of the nuclear structure of the atom by analyzing the results of $\alpha$ particle scattering experiments and did not discover the proton, C error ; D. Diffraction is a typical feature of waves, according to the diffraction pattern of the electron beam after passing through the aluminum foil, it shows that the electrons have volatility, D error.

Question 14

Question 14: 17. The subway train body and screen door installed between the photoelectric sensor. As shown in Fi...

17. The subway train body and screen door installed between the photoelectric sensor. As shown in Figure A, the train is ready to depart after the station, if the light is blocked by passengers, the current changes, the working circuit immediately alarm. Hydrogen atom energy level diagram shown in Figure B, if the light emitter in a large number of hydrogen atoms in the $n = 4$ energy level to the $n = 2$ energy level jump, the light radiated only $a , b$ two kinds of monochromatic light can be made to make the cathode of the photoelectric tube to escape photoelectrons, which $a , b$ the cathode of the photoelectric tube, which [[[]]] is the only light that can make the photoelectric tube cathode escape photoelectric. INLINE_FORMULA_3]] light has the greater photon energy. The following statement is correct ( ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-006.jpg)

A. A. The escape work of the cathode material of this phototube may be 2.55 eV
B. B. $a$ The frequency of light is less than the frequency of $b$ light.
C. C. $a$ The photon energy of the light is 2.55 eV
D. D. If part of the light is blocked, the current of the amplifier will increase, thus triggering an alarm

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: ABC. If a large number of hydrogen atoms in the $n = 4$ energy level in a light emitter jump to the $n = 2$ energy level, only $a , b$ two monochromatic lights can cause photoelectrons to escape from the cathode of the photoelectrode, and the photon energy of $a$ light is greater. _3]] light has the greater photon energy. The photon energy of light is $b$ The photon energy of the light is $E _ { b } = h v _ { b } = E _ { 3 } - E _ { 2 } = 1.89 \mathrm { eV }$ It can be seen that the escape work of the cathode material of the phototube must be less than $2.55 \mathrm { eV } , a$ The frequency of the light is greater than $b$ The frequency of the light is greater than $b$ Therefore, AB is wrong. C is correct; D. If part of the light is blocked and the photoelectrons are reduced, the current of the amplifier will be reduced, thus triggering the alarm, so D is wrong. Therefore, choose C.

Question 15

Question 15: 18. The following four figures are correct ( ). Bohr believed that electrons in an atom orbit arou...

18. The following four figures are correct ( ). Bohr believed that electrons in an atom orbit around the nucleus at high speeds with an arbitrary radius. The photoelectric effect experiments illustrate that light has a particle nature, Einstein established the photoelectric effect equation on the basis of the particle nature of light $a$ is $\beta$ ray, $b$ is $\gamma$ ray, $c$ is $\alpha$ rays, and $b$ rays are the most ionizing. Thomson's discovery that a small number of $\alpha$ particles undergo a large deflection suggests that the vast majority of an atom's mass is concentrated in a very small spatial area, and led to the proposal of a model for the nuclear structure of the atom

A. A. ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-001.jpg)
B. B. ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-002.jpg)
C. C. ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-003.jpg)
D. D. ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-004.jpg)

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: A. By the figure and Bohr theory, know that the orbit of the electron is not arbitrary, the electron has a definite orbit, so A error; B. The photoelectric effect experiment shows that light has a particle, Einstein in the particle of light and Planck's quantum theory on the basis of the photon doctrine, the establishment of the photoelectric effect equation, so B is correct; C. According to the left-hand rule, $a$ is $\alpha$ ray, $b$ is $\gamma$ ray, $c$ is $\beta$ ray. FORMULA_5]] rays, and $a$ rays have the strongest ionization ability and $b$ rays have the strongest penetration ability; D. Rutherford found that a few $\alpha$ particles underwent a large deflection, indicating that almost all of the mass and all of the positive charge of an atom are mainly concentrated in a very small nucleus, and put forward a model of the nuclear structure of the atom, so D is wrong.

Question 16

Question 16: 19. The energy level structure of the hydrogen atom as shown in the figure, is now used by the elect...

19. The energy level structure of the hydrogen atom as shown in the figure, is now used by the electric field from the static acceleration of the beam of electrons to hit a group of hydrogen atoms, so that the hydrogen atom from the ground state to the excited state can radiate three kinds of different frequencies of the photons, then the accelerating voltage may be (taking into account the acceleration of electrons in the acceleration of the electric field only) ( ) | $n$ | $E / \mathrm { eV }$ | | :--- | :--- | | $\infty$ | 0 | | 5 | - 0.54 | 4 | - 0.85 | - 3 | - 1.5 | - 1.5 3 | - 1.51 | - 2 | - 3.85 | - 3.51 | - 1.51 | - - 1.51 | 2 | - 3.40 | ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-007.jpg)

A. A. 12.30 V
B. B. 12.08 V
C. C. 11.02 V
D. D. 10.06 V

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: For a group of hydrogen atoms to be able to radiate photons of three different frequencies after jumping from the ground state to the excited state, the hydrogen atoms must jump from the ground state to the excited state of $n = 3$, so the kinetic energy of the accelerated electrons should be no less than ${ } ^ { \Delta E _ { 1 } = } { } _ { - 1.51 \mathrm { eV } - } ( - 13.6 \mathrm { eV } ) = 12.09 \mathrm { eV }$ by the functional relationship $e U = \Delta E$ It can be seen that the accelerating voltage should not be less than 12.09 V .

Question 17

Question 17: 20. One of the following statements is correct

20. One of the following statements is correct

A. A. The uncertainties in the momentum and position of microscopic particles become simultaneously larger and smaller at the same time
B. B. The distribution of the intensity of electromagnetic waves radiated by a blackbody by wavelength is only related to the temperature of the blackbody
C. C. Both nuclear and Coulomb forces exist between protons in the nucleus of an atom
D. D. Cathode rays have a smaller specific charge than hydrogen protons

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: If $\Delta x$ denotes the uncertainty of the particle position, and $\Delta p$ denotes the uncertainty of the particle in the x-direction, it is known that the position and momentum of the particle can not be determined at the same time by $\Delta x \cdot \Delta p \geq \frac { h } { 4 \pi }$, so A is wrong; the intensity of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the blackbody is distributed according to the wavelength of the blackbody. The distribution is only related to the temperature of the blackbody, so B is correct; nuclear force is a short-range force, there is a nuclear force between adjacent nuclei. The distance to a certain extent becomes zero, so C is wrong. Cathode rays are electrons. The cathode ray specific charge than the hydrogen atom The specific charge of cathode rays is larger than that of hydrogen atoms, so D is wrong.

Question 18

Question 18: 21. The photon energies of visible light are shown in the table below, and Bohr's energy level diagr...

21. The photon energies of visible light are shown in the table below, and Bohr's energy level diagram for the hydrogen atom is shown in the figure, then the correct statement about the energy level jump of the hydrogen atom is ( ) | Color Light | Red | Orange | Yellow | Green | Blue - Indigo | Violet | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Range (eV) | $1.61 \sim 2.00$ | $2.00 \sim 2.07$ | $2.07 \sim 2.14$ | 2.14 to 2.53 | 2.53 to 2.76 | 2.76 to 3.10 | $4 - 0.85$ 3 - 1.51 $2 - 3.4$ $1 - 13.6$

A. A. May radiate $\gamma$ rays when jumping from a higher energy level to a lower energy level
B. B. Hydrogen atoms in the $n = 2$ energy level can absorb red light for ionization
C. C. Infrared radiation is emitted when jumping from the energy level of $n = 3$ to the energy level of $n = 2$.
D. D. A large number of hydrogen atoms can radiate visible light at two frequencies when they jump from the $n = 4$ energy level to a lower energy level

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A. $\gamma$ rays are emitted only when heavy nuclei decay or fission, and hydrogen atoms cannot emit $\gamma$ rays by jumping, so A is wrong; B. Hydrogen atoms at the $n = 2$ energy level can be ionized by absorbing the energy of photon at 3.4 eV, and the maximal energy of the red light is still less than 4 eV, so it is not possible to make hydrogen atoms at the $n = 2$ energy level ionize, so B is wrong. 3.The maximum energy of red light is still less than 4 eV, so the hydrogen atom in the $n = 2$ energy level cannot be ionized, so B is wrong; C. Hydrogen atoms from the $n = 3$ energy level to the $n = 2$ energy level of the photon energy radiation $$ E = - 1.51 \mathrm { eV } - ( - 3.40 \mathrm { eV } ) = 1.89 \mathrm { eV } $$ is within the range of visible light, so it does not radiate infrared light, so C is wrong; D. The energy of a hydrogen atom radiating a photon by jumping from the $n = 4$ energy level to the $n = 2$ energy level: $$ E ^ { \prime } = - 0.85 \mathrm { eV } - ( - 3.40 \mathrm { eV } ) = 2.55 \mathrm { eV } $$ is within the visible light range; similarly, the energy of a photon radiated from the energy level of $n = 3$ to the energy level of $n = 2$ is within the visible light range, and the others are not. Therefore, a large number of hydrogen atoms can radiate visible light at two frequencies when they jump from the $n = 4$ energy level to a lower energy level, so D is correct.

Question 19

Question 19: 22. The following statements are correct ( )

22. The following statements are correct ( )

A. A. The discovery of the electron shows that atoms are divisible
B. B. The phenomenon of natural radioactivity indicates that atoms have a nuclear structure
C. C. The photoelectric effect confirms that light is volatile
D. D. All $\alpha , \beta , \gamma$ rays in natural radiation phenomena can be deflected in an electric field

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: A.Thomson's discovery of the electron suggests that atoms can be subdivided, so A is correct; B. The phenomenon of natural radioactivity suggests that the nucleus of an atom has a complex structure, while $\alpha$ particle scattering experiments propose that atoms have a nuclear structure, so B is incorrect; C.The photoelectric effect confirms that light has a particle nature, so C is wrong; D. $\alpha , \beta$ rays are charged and are deflected in an electric field by the electric field force, while $\gamma$ rays are uncharged and are not deflected in an electric field, so D is wrong.

Question 20

Question 20: 23. The following description does not correspond to the historical facts of physics.

23. The following description does not correspond to the historical facts of physics.

A. A. Galileo formulated the law of conservation of energy
B. B. Milligan measured the value of the meta-charge $e$ through the oil drop experiment
C. C. Faraday believed that the interaction between charges occurs through the substance "field".
D. D. Coulomb discovered the law of interaction between charges through precise measurements using the torsion scale experiment

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: A. The law of conservation of energy was proposed independently by a dozen scientists from different countries and fields in different ways around the 1840s, among whom the work of Mayr, Joule and Helmholtz was the most successful, so A is wrong; B. Milligan measured the value of the meta-charge through the oil droplet experiment, and proposed that the amount of charge of a charged body is an integer multiple of the meta-charge, so B is correct; C. Faraday first put forward the concept of "field", that the role of charge is realized through the "field", in line with historical facts, so C is correct; D. French physicist Coulomb used the twisted scale experiment found the interaction law between charges Coulomb's law, so D is correct. This question is wrong, so choose A.

Question 21

Question 21: 24. According to Bohr's theory, the energy level of the hydrogen atom is the energy value of the hyd...

24. According to Bohr's theory, the energy level of the hydrogen atom is the energy value of the hydrogen atom in each of its fixed states, which includes the potential energy of the hydrogen atom system and the kinetic energy of the electrons moving in orbits. When a group of hydrogen atoms jumps from the $n = 4$ energy level to the $n = 1$ energy level, the following statements are true

A. A. The potential energy of the hydrogen atom decreases and the kinetic energy increases during the jump, and the sum of the potential and kinetic energies remains constant
B. B. The potential energy of the hydrogen atom increases and the kinetic energy decreases during the jump, and the sum of the potential and kinetic energies remains constant
C. C. Hydrogen atoms radiate light at 6 different frequencies.
D. D. Hydrogen atoms radiate light at three different frequencies

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: AB. If a hydrogen atom leaps from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, the potential energy of the hydrogen atom decreases during the leap, according to the $$ k \frac { e ^ { 2 } } { r ^ { 2 } } = m \frac { v ^ { 2 } } { r } $$ can be obtained $$ E _ { k } = \frac { k e ^ { 2 } } { 2 r } $$ Then $r$ decreases, the kinetic energy increases, the atom radiates energy to the outside, and the total energy decreases, i.e., the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy decreases, option AB is wrong; CD. Hydrogen atoms can radiate ${ } ^ { 2 } = 6$ kinds of different frequencies of light, option C is correct, D is wrong.

Question 22

Question 22: 25. Several of the following accounts of the content of modern physics are correct.

25. Several of the following accounts of the content of modern physics are correct.

A. A. When ultraviolet light irradiates the surface of a zinc plate, the photoelectric effect can occur. When the intensity of ultraviolet light is increased, the maximum initial kinetic energy of photoelectrons escaping from the surface of the zinc plate is also increased.
B. B. There must be a mass loss in the combination of protons and neutrons to form a new nucleus, and according to $\Delta E = \Delta m c ^ { 2 }$ it is clear that the mass reduced in this process is converted into energy
C. C. If the specific binding energy increases after a nuclear reaction, the reaction must give off energy; if the average mass of the nucleus decreases after a nuclear reaction, the reaction must absorb energy.
D. D. The hydrogen atom's extra-nuclear electrons jump from higher to lower energy levels to release photons of a certain frequency, while the potential energy of the hydrogen atom decreases and the kinetic energy of the electrons increases

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A. According to the photoelectric effect equation, the maximum initial kinetic energy of photoelectrons $$ E _ { \mathrm { k } _ { \mathrm { m } } } = h v - W _ { 0 } $$ and the frequency of incident light, and the intensity of light has nothing to do, then when increasing the intensity of ultraviolet radiation, the maximum initial kinetic energy of photoelectrons escaping from the surface of the zinc plate is unchanged, so A error; B. protons and neutrons combined into a new nucleus must have a mass loss, according to $\Delta E = \Delta m c ^ { 2 }$ can be known, not the mass and energy can be converted into each other, the two concepts are fundamentally different, when the mass loss occurs, the mass is only in the form of a photon emitted, so the B is wrong; C. If the average mass of nuclei decreases during a nuclear reaction, there will be a mass loss in the nuclear reaction, and according to $\Delta E = \Delta m c ^ { 2 }$, energy will be released, so C is wrong; D. Hydrogen atom's extra-nuclear electrons move from higher energy levels to lower energy levels, the energy decreases, the release of photons, from the high orbital jump to the low orbital, according to the $$ \frac { k q e } { r ^ { 2 } } = m \frac { v ^ { 2 } } { r } $$ It can be seen that the electron speed increases, kinetic energy increases, energy decreases, then the potential energy decreases, so D is correct. Therefore, D is correct.

Question 23

Question 23: 26. In the development of physics, many physicists have made outstanding contributions. The followin...

26. In the development of physics, many physicists have made outstanding contributions. The following statements are correct ( )

A. A. Einstein's photon theory successfully explained the phenomenon of the photoelectric effect
B. B. Compton's matter-wave hypothesis revealed that physical particles also have volatility
C. C. Thomson discovered the electron and measured its charge
D. D. Newton discovered the law of gravity and measured the gravitational constant.

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: A. Einstein put forward the photon theory that light consists of photons, each photon's energy is $E = h v$ successfully explained the phenomenon of the photoelectric effect, so A is correct; B. matter wave hypothesis put forward by De Broglie, pointing out that the physical particles have volatility; Compton's contribution is the discovery of the Compton effect, which verifies the particle nature of light, so B error; C. Thomson through the cathode ray experiment found electrons and determine the specific charge of electrons, but the charge of electrons measured by Milligan through the oil droplet experiment, so C is wrong; D. Newton proposed the law of gravity, but the measurement of the gravitational constant $G$ was done by Cavendish through the torsion scale experiment, so D is wrong.

Question 24

Question 24: 27. The figure shows the emission spectrum of the hydrogen atom, $H \alpha , H \beta , H _ { \gamma ...

27. The figure shows the emission spectrum of the hydrogen atom, $H \alpha , H \beta , H _ { \gamma } , H _ { \delta }$ are four of the spectral lines, the following statements are correct ( ) ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-008.jpg)

A. A. Hydrogen atomic emission spectra are continuous spectra
B. B. $\mathrm { H } _ { \alpha }$ Spectral line corresponding to photon with maximum energy
C. C. ${ } ^ { \mathrm { H } _ { \delta } }$ Spectral line corresponding to the photon with the smallest frequency
D. D. The spectrum is produced by the leaps of electrons outside the nucleus of the hydrogen atom

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A. The emission spectrum of hydrogen atoms is a line spectrum.A error ; B. The $\mathrm { H } _ { \alpha }$ spectrum has the longest wavelength and the smallest frequency, so the photon energy is the smallest.B error ; C. The $\mathrm { H } _ { \delta }$ spectral line has the shortest wavelength and the largest frequency.C error; D. The spectrum is produced by the leaps of electrons outside the nucleus of the hydrogen atom. d. Correct.

Question 25

Question 25: 28. The following statements are correct ( )

28. The following statements are correct ( )

A. A. A group of hydrogen atoms in the $n = 4$ energy level can produce 4 photons when they jump to a lower energy level
B. B. The half-life of radioactive elements decreases with increasing temperature
C. C. The photoelectric effect suggests that light has a particle nature, and the interference and diffraction phenomena of light suggest that light has a fluctuating nature
D. D. Thomson proposed a model for the nuclear structure of the atom based on the conclusions of $\alpha$ particle scattering experiments

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: A. A group of hydrogen atoms in the $n = 4$ energy level jumping to a lower energy level can produce a photon species of $$ C _ { 4 } ^ { 2 } = 6 $$ Therefore, A is wrong; B. The half-life of radioactive elements is only related to their own factors within the nucleus, and the chemical state of the atom and the temperature, pressure and other external factors, so B error; C. The photoelectric effect shows that light has particle, light interference and diffraction phenomenon shows that light has volatility, so C is correct; D. In particle scattering experiments, the deflection of $\alpha$ particles is a result of the mutual repulsion of $\alpha$ particles and positively charged parts of atoms, and the fact that a few $\alpha$ particles undergo a larger deflection negates the Thomson's date-palm model, which triggered Rutherford's proposal of the nuclear structure model. Rutherford proposed the nuclear structure model, so D is wrong.

Question 26

Question 26: 29. Hydrogen atom from the 2nd energy level to the 1st energy level in the process of energy change,...

29. Hydrogen atom from the 2nd energy level to the 1st energy level in the process of energy change, the following statements are correct ( (1) The kinetic energy of the electron must increase; (2) The potential energy of the atomic system must decrease; (3) The increase in the kinetic energy of the electron must equal the decrease in the potential energy of the system; (4) The increase in the kinetic energy of the electron must be less than the decrease in the potential energy of the system.

A. A. Only (1) (2)
B. B. Only (1) (2) (3)
C. C. Only (4)
D. D. Only (1) (2) (4)

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: Hydrogen atom from the second energy level to the first energy level in the process of the system electric field force to do positive work, the potential energy decreases, the kinetic energy of the electron increases, the leap process, the release of a certain frequency of photons, so the increase in the kinetic energy of the electron must be less than the amount of the decrease in the system's electric potential energy

Question 27

Question 27: 30. The following four diagrams are correctly described. ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structur...

30. The following four diagrams are correctly described. ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-009.jpg) A ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-010.jpg) B ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-011.jpg) C ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-012.jpg) D

A. A. Figure A, ray A consists of $\beta$ particles, ray B is a $\gamma$ ray, and ray C consists of $\alpha$ particles
B. B. B, Rutherford found that the vast majority of $\alpha$ particles were deflected by $\alpha$ through $\alpha$ particle scattering experiments
C. C. C, a photograph of the particle as it passes through the bubble chamber, through which the momentum, energy and charge of the particle can be analyzed
D. D. Tinto, the hydrogen atom energy levels are discrete, but the frequency of photons emitted by the atom is continuous

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: A. $\alpha$ particle, helion stream, positively charged, $\beta$ particle, electron stream, negatively charged, and $\gamma$ ray, electromagnetic wave, uncharged, according to the left-hand rule, the particle in trajectory A, positively charged, is a $\alpha$ particle, and the particle in trajectory B, uncharged, is a [[INLINE_FORMULA_4] ray, electromagnetic wave. 3]] particle, and the particle in trajectory B is uncharged and a $\gamma$ ray. The particle in trajectory C is negatively charged and is a $\beta$ particle, A is wrong; B. Rutherford's $\alpha$ particle scattering experiment found that most of the $\alpha$ particles passed straight through Au's muzzle, and the angle of rotation was very small, so very few of the particles were deflected, B. Wrong; C. From the figure and Borel's theory, you can analyze the momentum, energy and charge of the particles through the photo, C is correct; D. Hydrogen atomic energy levels are discrete, hydrogen atoms in different energy levels must meet the corresponding before and after the energy difference between the two energy levels in order to be absorbed or radiated, so the atom emits photons of energy is discontinuous, the frequency of the emission of photons is discontinuous, D error.

Question 28

Question 28: 31. The following statements are correct

31. The following statements are correct

A. A. As the temperature increases, the maximum value of the intensity of blackbody radiation moves toward longer wavelengths
B. B. The solar spectrum is an absorption spectrum, and analysis of the solar spectrum can be used to deduce the elemental composition of the Earth's atmosphere.
C. C. Becquerel was the first to discover the phenomenon of natural radioactivity, revealing that there is also a complex structure within the atom
D. D. Nuclear forces are strong interactions and are short-range forces

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A. In blackbody radiation, as the temperature rises, the maximum value of the intensity of the radiation moves in the direction of the shorter wavelength, A is wrong; B. Because the sun is a high-temperature object, it sends out white light through the lower temperature of the solar atmosphere, will be absorbed by the solar atmosphere of certain elements of the atoms, so that we observe the solar spectrum is the absorption spectrum, so analyze the absorption spectrum of the sun, you can know the material composition of the solar atmosphere, B error; C. Becquerel first discovered the phenomenon of natural radiation, revealing that there is a complex structure inside the atomic nucleus, C error; D. The nuclear force is a manifestation of the strong interaction, is a short-range force, D is correct.

Question 29

Question 29: 32. In the study of stars, the light emitted by a star can cover essentially the entire visible spec...

32. In the study of stars, the light emitted by a star can cover essentially the entire visible spectrum. When light passes through the atmosphere of a star, each element in the atmosphere absorbs a specific wavelength of light, so that black streaks appear in the visible spectrum observed on Earth, and such a spectrum is called an absorption spectrum. The absorption spectrum allows us to analyze the general composition of a star's atmosphere. However, we have observed that the black streaks in the absorption spectra of some stars are shifted towards red light, a phenomenon known as redshift. Based on the information in the figure, the following statements are correct. ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-013.jpg)

A. A. The observed wavelengths become longer, so the star is farther away from the earth
B. B. The observed wavelengths become longer, so the star is close to the Earth
C. C. The observed wavelengths are shorter, so the star is farther away from Earth in the
D. D. The observed wavelengths are shorter, so the star is approaching the Earth

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: According to the Doppler effect, it is known that when the wave source is relatively close to the observer, the frequency received by the observer becomes higher, and when the wave source is relatively far away from the observer, the frequency received by the observer becomes lower, according to the $$ c = \frac { \lambda } { T } = \lambda f $$ It can be seen that when the wave source is relatively close to the observer, the wavelength observed by the observer becomes shorter, and when the wave source is relatively far away from the observer, the wavelength observed by the observer becomes longer. Combined with the meaning of the question, it is observed that the black streak in the absorption spectrum of the star is shifted towards the red direction, i.e., the wavelength observed becomes longer, and the frequency received becomes lower, i.e., the star is moving away from the Earth.

Question 30

Question 30: 33. In $\alpha$ particle scattering experiments, the force that deflects a small number of $\alpha$ ...

33. In $\alpha$ particle scattering experiments, the force that deflects a small number of $\alpha$ particles by a large angle should belong to the $\alpha$ force.

A. A. gravity
B. B. Coulomb force (loanword)
C. C. amperage
D. D. Lorentz force (physics)

Answer

Answer: B

Question 31

Question 31: 34. According to the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, when the electrons outside the nucleus move in...

34. According to the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, when the electrons outside the nucleus move in the first $( n = 1 )$ , third $( n = 3 )$ orbitals, the following statement is correct

A. A. The ratio of the rates is $3 : 1$
B. B. The ratio of cycles is $1 : 3$
C. C. The energy ratio is $3 : 1$
D. D. The ratio of the radii is $1 : 3$

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: A. When an electron is moving in a certain orbit, the speed $\frac { m v _ { n } ^ { 2 } } { r _ { n } } = \frac { k e ^ { 2 } } { r _ { n } ^ { 2 } }$ is given by $V _ { n } = \sqrt { \frac { k e ^ { 2 } } { m r _ { n } } }$ and the electron moves with a speed $V _ { n } = \sqrt { \frac { k e ^ { 2 } } { m r _ { n } } }$ of : $v _ { 1 } : v _ { 2 } = 3 : 1$ . Therefore, A is correct; B. The period of the circular motion of the electron around the nucleus $T _ { n } = \frac { 2 \pi r _ { n } } { v _ { n } } = \frac { 2 \pi r _ { n } } { e } \sqrt { \frac { m r _ { n } } { k } }$ is $T _ { 1 } : T _ { 2 } = 1 : 27$. Therefore, B is wrong; C. According to Bohr's atomic theory, $\mathrm { E } _ { \mathrm { n } } = - \frac { E _ { 1 } } { n ^ { 2 } } , \mathrm { E } _ { 1 } : \mathrm { E } _ { 2 } = 9 : 1$ , so C is wrong ; D.According to the meaning of the question, we can know that the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, orbital radius formula $r _ { n } = n ^ { 2 } r _ { 1 }$, nuclear electrons in the $1 , { } ^ { 3 }$ orbital movement, orbital radius of the ratio of $1 : 9$ . Therefore, D is wrong.

Question 32

Question 32: 35. Parallel glass block cross-section as shown in the figure, a beam of complex-colored light is di...

35. Parallel glass block cross-section as shown in the figure, a beam of complex-colored light is directed obliquely to the upper surface of the glass block, and is divided into $a , b$ two beams of monochromatic light when it is emitted from the lower surface, then the following statements are correct. ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-014.jpg)

A. A. When traveling through glass, $a$ light travels at a smaller speed
B. B. If $a$ light can cause the ground state hydrogen atom to jump, then $b$ light must also cause the ground state hydrogen atom to jump.
C. C. In passing through the same double-slit interferometer, $a$ light with a large spacing between the centers of adjacent bright fringes
D. D. Increase the angle of incidence of the incident light on the upper surface, and on the lower surface $b$ the light undergoes total reflection first.

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: A. Light from the air into the glass, refraction occurs on the surface of the glass, $a$ the angle of refraction of light is small, so $a$ the refractive index of the light is small, $v = \frac { c } { n }$ can be obtained in the glass propagation, $a$ the speed of propagation is larger, so A is wrong. propagation speed is larger, so A is wrong; B. The refractive index of $a$ light is small, the frequency is small, and the photon energy of $a$ light is small according to $\varepsilon = h v$. If $a$ light can make the ground state hydrogen atoms undergo a jump, it means that the energy of $a$ light photons is exactly equal to the difference between the two energy levels, while the energy of $b$ light photons may not be equal to the difference between the two energy levels, according to the Bohr theory $b$ light photon energy is not equal to the difference between the two energy levels. FORMULA_10]] light does not necessarily cause the ground state hydrogen atom to jump, so B is wrong; C. $a$ The refractive index of light is small, the frequency is small, and the wavelength is long. $\Delta x = \frac { L } { d } \lambda$ It can be known that the spacing between the centers of the adjacent bright stripes of $a$ light is larger, so C is correct; D. Because the angle of incidence of light to the lower surface of the glass block is equal to the angle of refraction on the upper surface, by the principle of reversibility of the light path can be known, the light must be able to shoot out of the lower surface, will not occur in total reflection, so D is wrong.

Question 33

Question 33: 36. The energy levels of hydrogen atoms are shown in the figure, and a group of hydrogen atoms is in...

36. The energy levels of hydrogen atoms are shown in the figure, and a group of hydrogen atoms is in the $n = 4$ energy level. When the hydrogen atoms jump from the $n = 4$ energy level to the $n = 3$ energy level, the hydrogen atoms are in the $n = 3$ energy level. When the hydrogen atom leaps from the $n = 4$ energy level to the $n = 3$ energy level, the wavelength of the radiated light is 1884 mm. | $n$ | $E / \mathrm { eV }$ | $n$ | $E / \mathrm { eV }$ | :---: | :---: | | $\infty - \cdots - \cdots - \cdots - \cdots$ | 0 | | 4 | 0.85 | | 3 | - 1.51 | $2 - 3.40$ 1 -13.6

A. A. When a group of hydrogen atoms jump from the $n = 4$ energy level to the $n = 1$ energy level, up to four spectral lines are produced
B. B. A hydrogen atom must have absorbed the energy of a photon when it jumped from a lower energy level to a higher energy level
C. C. Hydrogen atoms radiate light at wavelengths greater than 1884 mm when they jump from the $n = 3$ energy level to the $n = 2$ energy level.
D. D. The photoelectric effect occurs when platinum in $W _ { \text {透 } } = 6.34 \mathrm { eV }$ is irradiated with light radiated by a hydrogen atom that has jumped from the $n = 2$ energy level to the $n = 1$ energy level.

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A. When a group of hydrogen atoms in the $n = 4$ energy level jumps to the $n = 1$ energy level, it produces at most $\mathrm { C } _ { 4 } ^ { 2 } = 6$ spectral lines, so A is wrong; B. Hydrogen atoms need to absorb energy to jump from the low energy level to the high energy level, usually absorbed energy in two ways: one is to use a C. Hydrogen atoms from $n = 3$ energy level leap to $n = 2$ energy level when the photon energy released is greater than that from the $n = 4$ energy level leap to $n = 4$ spectral lines. INLINE_FORMULA_8]] energy level, by $$ E = h v = h \frac { c } { \lambda } $$ From $$ E = h v = h \frac { c } { \lambda } $$, the wavelength of light emitted when a hydrogen atom leaps from the $n = 3$ energy level to the $n = 2$ energy level is less than 1884 mm, so C is wrong; D. The energy of the light radiated by a hydrogen atom when it jumps from the $n = 2$ energy level to the $n = 1$ energy level is $$ \Delta E = E _ { 2 } - E _ { 1 } = 10.2 \mathrm { eV } > 6.34 \mathrm { eV } $$ Therefore, the photoelectric effect can occur in platinum, so D is correct.

Question 34

Question 34: 37 . The following statements are correct

37 . The following statements are correct

A. A. The discovery of the electron shows that there is still a complex structure inside the nucleus of the atom
B. B. Rutherford proposed the nuclear structure of the atom based on $\alpha$ particle scattering experiments
C. C. Milligan discovered the electron with his experiment of friction-induced electricity
D. D. Of visible light, red light has the strongest energizer

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: A. The discovery of the electron shows that atoms are not the smallest particles that make up matter and that they have a certain structure. A error ; B. Rutherford proposed the nuclear structure of the atom based on $\alpha$ particle scattering experiments, B is correct; C. Thomson concluded that cathode rays were essentially negatively charged streams of electrons based on the deflection of cathode rays in electric and magnetic fields, and found the specific charge, thus discovering the electron, C error; D. By the photon energy formula $\varepsilon = h v$ can be known, in the visible light, the frequency of red light is the smallest, red light energy can be the weakest, D error.

Question 35

Question 35: 38. The following four graphs are correct in the statements about them. ![](/images/questions/phys-a...

38. The following four graphs are correct in the statements about them. ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-015.jpg) A ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-016.jpg) B ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-017.jpg) C ![](/images/questions/phys-atomic-structure/image-018.jpg) D

A. A. In figure A, when a hydrogen atom leaps to a lower energy level, the kinetic energy of the hydrogen atom's electrons outside the nucleus decreases, the potential energy decreases, and the atomic energy decreases
B. B. In figure B, the stronger the incident light, the higher the saturation photocurrent, with the color of light remaining constant
C. C. In the C diagram, ray A consists of electrons, ray B is an electromagnetic wave, and ray C consists of $\alpha$ particles
D. D. In the D diagram, the chain reaction is a fusion of light nuclei

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: A. Hydrogen atom to the low energy leap, electrons from the high orbital to the low orbital movement, the Coulomb force to do positive work, the electron kinetic energy increases, the potential energy decreases, radiating photons, atomic energy decreases, so A error; B. In the case of the light color remains unchanged, the stronger the incident light, that is, the number of photons per unit time on the unit area of the more photons that can escape, the more photoelectrons, so the greater the saturation photocurrent, so B is correct; C. A ray deflected to the left, according to the left-hand rule can be known, A particles are positively charged, that is, for $\alpha$ particles, B rays do not deflect, take out the electromagnetic wave, C rays deflected to the right, according to the left-hand rule can be known, B particles negatively charged, that is, for the electrons, so the C error; D. The chain reaction belongs to the fission of heavy nuclei, so D is wrong.

Question 36

Question 36: 39. One of the following statements is correct

39. One of the following statements is correct

A. A. Rutherford experimentally discovered the proton with the nuclear reaction equation ${ } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 7 } ^ { 14 } \mathrm {~N} \rightarrow { } _ { 8 } ^ { 17 } \mathrm { O } + { } _ { 1 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { H }$
B. B. The nuclear reaction of uranium fission is ${ } ^ { 235 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { 56 } ^ { 141 } \mathrm { Ba } + { } _ { 36 } ^ { 92 } \mathrm { Kr } + 2 { } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n }$
C. C. The mass of a proton, neutron, and $\alpha$ particle are each $m _ { 1 } , m _ { 2 } , m _ { 3 }$. The proton and neutron combine to form a $\alpha$ particle, and the energy released is $\left( m _ { 1 } + m _ { 2 } - m _ { 3 } \right) c ^ { 2 }$
D. D. An atom emits a photon of wavelength $\lambda _ { 1 }$ when it jumps from the $a$ energy state to the $b$ energy state, and it absorbs a photon of wavelength $\lambda _ { 2 }$ when it jumps from the $\lambda _ { 1 } > \lambda _ { 2 }$ to the $c$ energy state, and it is known that $\lambda _ { 1 } > \lambda _ { 2 }$. _4]] energy level state absorbs photons of wavelength $\lambda _ { 2 }$, known as $\lambda _ { 1 } > \lambda _ { 2 }$. Then the atom will absorb a photon of wavelength ${ } ^ { \lambda _ { 1 } \lambda _ { 2 } }$ when it jumps from the $a$ energy state to the $c$ energy state.

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: A. Rutherford bombarded the nitrogen nucleus with $\alpha$ particles to get protons, and the nuclear reaction equation conserved both charge and mass, so A is correct; B. The nuclear reaction of uranium fission is $$ { } _ { 92 } ^ { 235 } \mathrm { U } + { } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n } \rightarrow { } _ { 56 } ^ { 141 } \mathrm { Ba } + { } _ { 36 } ^ { 92 } \mathrm { Kr } + 3 { } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n } $$ Neutrons on both sides cannot be about, so B is wrong; C. The masses of protons, neutrons and $\alpha$ particles are $m _ { 1 } , m _ { 2 } , m _ { 3 }$ respectively. Two protons and two neutrons combine to form a $\alpha$ particle, with a mass loss of $$ \Delta m = 2 m _ { 1 } + 2 m _ { 2 } - m _ { 3 } $$ So the energy released is $$ \Delta E = \Delta m c ^ { 2 } = \left( 2 m _ { 1 } + 2 m _ { 2 } - m _ { 3 } \right) c ^ { 2 } $$ Therefore, C is wrong; D. It is known that $$ \lambda _ { 1 } > \lambda _ { 2 } $$ Therefore $$ v _ { 1 } < v _ { 2 } $$ Knowing that the energy of the emitted photon when jumping from the $a$ energy state to the $b$ energy state is less than the energy of the absorbed photon when jumping from the $b$ energy state to the $c$ energy state, there are $$ h v _ { 2 } - h v _ { 1 } = h v _ { 3 } $$ i.e. $$ h \frac { c } { \lambda _ { 2 } } - h \frac { c } { \lambda _ { 1 } } = h \frac { c } { \lambda _ { 3 } } $$ Solve for $$ \lambda _ { 3 } = \frac { \lambda _ { 1 } \lambda _ { 2 } } { \lambda _ { 1 } - \lambda _ { 2 } } $$ Therefore, D is wrong.

Question 37

Question 37: 40. As shown in the figure is the energy level diagram of the hydrogen atom, a large number of hydro...

40. As shown in the figure is the energy level diagram of the hydrogen atom, a large number of hydrogen atoms in the $n = 4$ excited state to the low energy level jump, a total of six different frequencies of photons can be radiated, which Barmer system refers to the hydrogen atom from the high energy level to the $n = 2$ energy level jump when the release of the photons, then ( ) | $n$ | $E / \mathrm { eV }$ | | :--- | :--- | | $\infty$ | 0 | | 4 | -0.85 | 3 | -1.51 | -0.85 | -0.85 | 3 | -1.51 | 2 | -3.85 | 2 | -4.85 2 | -3.40 | [INLINE_FORMULA_4]] | 0 | 4 | -0.85 | 3 | -1.51 | 2 | -3.40 | $1 - - 13.60$ A total of 4 of the 6 photons must also cause the plate to undergo the photoelectric effect High School Physics Assignment, October 30, 2025

A. A. The least energetic of the 6 photons is $n = 4$ produced when the excited state jumps to the ground state
B. B. Three of the six photons belong to the Barmer family.
C. C. At least 13.6 eV of energy is required to ionize a hydrogen atom in the $n = 2$ energy scale
D. D. If a photon released by jumping from the $n = 4$ energy level to the $n = 2$ energy level is just enough to cause the photoelectric effect to take place in a certain metal plate, then in this

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A. According to the characteristics of the hydrogen spectrum, the energy of the photon produced when jumping from the $n = 4$ excited state to the $n = 3$ excited state is the smallest, A is wrong; B. The barotropic system refers to the photons released when a hydrogen atom leaps from a high energy level to the $n = 2$ energy level. Among the 6 kinds of photons, the ones from $( n = 4 ) \rightarrow ( n = 2 )$ and $( n = 3 ) \rightarrow ( n = 2 )$ belong to the barotropic system, i.e., the 2 kinds of photons, which is wrong; C. The hydrogen atom in the $n = 2$ energy level has an energy of - 3.4 eV, so to make its ionization energy become 0, at least 4 eV of energy is needed. 3.4 eV of energy is needed to change its ionization energy to 0. C is wrong; D. The energy of the photon released by jumping from the $n = 4$ energy level to the $n = 2$ energy level is -3.4 eV. $$ E _ { 42 } = - 0.85 \mathrm { eV } - ( - 3.4 \mathrm { eV } ) = 2.55 \mathrm { eV } $$ The energy of the photon released by jumping from the $n = 4$ level to the $n = 3$ level is $$ E _ { 42 } = - 0.85 \mathrm { eV } - ( - 3.4 \mathrm { eV } ) = 2.55 \mathrm { eV } $$. $$ E _ { 43 } = - 0.85 \mathrm { eV } - ( - 1.51 \mathrm { eV } ) = 0.66 \mathrm { eV } < 2.55 \mathrm { eV } $$ The energy of the photon released by jumping from the $n = 3$ energy level to the $n = 2$ energy level cannot cause the plate to undergo the photovoltaic effect, and the energy of the photon released by jumping from the $n = 3$ energy level is $$ E _ { 32 } = - 1.51 \mathrm { eV } - ( - 3.4 \mathrm { eV } ) = 1.89 \mathrm { eV } < 2.55 \mathrm { eV } $$ The photon released from the $$ E _ { 32 } = - 1.51 \mathrm { eV } - ( - 3.4 \mathrm { eV } ) = 1.89 \mathrm { eV } < 2.55 \mathrm { eV } $$ energy level is $$ E _ { 32 } = - 1.51 \mathrm { eV } - ( - 3.4 \mathrm { eV } ) = 1.89 \mathrm { eV } < 2.55 \mathrm { eV } $$, which cannot cause the plate to undergo the photoelectric effect.

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