Basic Organic Compounds

Question 1

Question 1: 1. As shown in the figure, under the light condition, the test tube containing $\mathrm { CH } _ { 4...

1. As shown in the figure, under the light condition, the test tube containing $\mathrm { CH } _ { 4 }$ and $\mathrm { Cl } _ { 2 }$ is inverted in the sink containing saturated saline water to conduct experiments, the phenomenon that cannot occur is ( ) ![](/images/questions/organic-compounds/image-001.jpg)

A. A. Oily droplets appear on the inside of the test tube
B. B. Lighter yellow-green color in the test tube
C. C. The liquid level in the test tube rises to the top of the test tube
D. D. A small amount of white mist appears in the test tube

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: A. The oily droplets appearing on the wall of the test tube are a mixture of dichloromethane, trichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride, which is insoluble in water and is an oily droplet, so A does not meet the meaning of the question; B. Chlorine and methane reaction, gradually consumed, resulting in colorless substances, yellow-green light, so B does not meet the meaning; C.Methane monochloride is a gas, so the liquid surface will not rise to the top of the test tube, so C is consistent with the meaning of the question; D. $\mathrm { CH } _ { 4 }$ and $\mathrm { Cl } _ { 2 }$ undergo a substitution reaction, resulting in $\mathrm { HCl } , \mathrm { HCl }$, which is a white acid mist formed by water, so D does not meet the meaning of the question.

Question 2

Question 2: 2. The following statements about organic matter are false ![](/images/questions/organic-compoun...

2. The following statements about organic matter are false ![](/images/questions/organic-compounds/image-002.jpg)

A. A. Ethanol, acetic acid and ethyl acetate can be identified with saturated $\mathrm { Na } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 3 }$ solution.
B. B. The propylene molecule has up to 7 atoms in the coplanar plane
C. C. Vegetable oil and natural rubber both discolor bromine water
D. D. The space-filling model for $\mathrm { CCl } _ { 4 }$ is

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A. Ethanol is miscible with $\mathrm { Na } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 3 }$ solution, acetic acid reacts to form a gas, and ethyl acetate is not miscible and appears to be partitioned, so saturated $\mathrm { Na } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 3 }$ solution can be used to identify the above three, A is correct; B. The structure of propylene is <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1n11psz3hdw9dh93" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW4xMXBzejNoZHc5ZGg5MyIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTY2IDU3Ljc1MDA1NTA5NDY5ODY1IiBzdHlsZT0id2lkdGg6IDE2NS44MzkzOTAwNTQ2MzA1NHB4OyBoZWlnaHQ6IDU3Ljc1MDA1NTA5NDY5ODY1cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW4xMXBzejNoZHc5ZGg5My0xIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9IjEwMi4xMjI1ODI3MDU3MTExIiB5MT0iMTcuNjY0Njc2NDM1MzcxMDA3IiB4Mj0iMTIzLjk0NjQxNDM5ODY4OTcxIiB5Mj0iMzAuMjY0NjkxMTI3Mjg4NzQyIj48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFuMTFwc3ozaGR3OWRoOTMtMyIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI5Ni41NTk2MDA0Mzg0MDcyNyIgeTE9IjIxLjAwMDAzNjcyOTgwMTQ4IiB4Mj0iMTIzLjgzOTM5MDA1NDYzMDU0IiB5Mj0iMzYuNzUwMDU1MDk0Njk4NjUiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW4xMXBzejNoZHc5ZGg5My01IiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9IjY5LjI3OTc4OTYxNjIyMzI1IiB5MT0iMzYuNzUwMDE4MzY0ODk3MTciIHgyPSI5Ni41NTk2MDA0Mzg0MDcyNyIgeTI9IjIxLjAwMDAzNjcyOTgwMTQ4Ij48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFuMTFwc3ozaGR3OWRoOTMtNyIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI0MiIgeTE9IjIxIiB4Mj0iNjkuMjc5Nzg5NjE2MjIzMjUiIHkyPSIzNi43NTAwMTgzNjQ4OTcxNyI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. 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Vegetable oil and natural rubber both contain carbon-carbon double bonds, and both can discolor bromine water, C correct; D. The space-filling model expresses the spatial structure of molecules and the relative sizes of atoms, Cl atoms have radii larger than C, so the positive ![](/images/questions/organic-compounds/image-003.jpg) D is incorrect ; Answer choice D.

Question 3

Question 3: 4. A student carries out an experiment on the preparation of ethyl acetate: add a mixture of anhydro...

4. A student carries out an experiment on the preparation of ethyl acetate: add a mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated sulfuric acid, and acetic acid to a test tube, connect the device as shown in the figure, heat the test tube carefully and evenly with an alcohol lamp, and observe the formation of an ester layer on top of the saturated $\mathrm { Na } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 3 }$ solution, and divide the crude product of ethyl acetate in the test tube into ethyl acetate by using a dispensing funnel. How many errors exist in the experimental procedure and the diagram of the apparatus? ( ) ![](/images/questions/organic-compounds/image-004.jpg)

A. A. 4
B. B. 3
C. C. 2
D. D. 1

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: The order of adding drugs to the experiment is the first to add ethanol, and then the side of the oscillation, add concentrated sulfuric acid and acetic acid, the product contains volatile reactants ethanol and acetic acid, both soluble in water, easy to backsorption, so the catheter can not be inserted below the liquid level, so there are 2 errors, the answer is C.

Question 4

Question 4: 5. The main components of the gases transported by the "West-East Gas Pipeline" project are ( )

5. The main components of the gases transported by the "West-East Gas Pipeline" project are ( )

A. A. methane CH4
B. B. vinyl
C. C. carbon monoxide CO
D. D. ethyne C2H2

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: Test Question Analysis: The gas used in the "West-East Gas Pipeline" project is natural gas, and the main component of natural gas is methane, which means that option A is correct. Therefore, choose A. Points: Examination of fossil fuels and their comprehensive utilization.

Question 5

Question 5: 6. The following chemical reactions are not addition reactions.

6. The following chemical reactions are not addition reactions.

A. A. Irradiation of a gas mixture of methane and chlorine with light
B. B. Passing ethylene into a carbon tetrachloride solution of bromine
C. C. Reaction of ethylene with hydrogen under nickel as a catalyst
D. D. Ethylene reacts with water to form ethanol under certain conditions

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: A. A substitution reaction occurs when light is used to irradiate a mixture of methane and chlorine, A is correct; B. Ethylene has a carbon-carbon double bond and can react with bromine in an addition reaction; C. Ethylene has a carbon-carbon double bond that can be added to hydrogen to form ethane, C error; D. Under certain conditions, ethylene can be added to water to form ethanol, D error;

Question 6

Question 6: 7. The following chemical terms are correct ( )

7. The following chemical terms are correct ( )

A. A. Chlorine atom with 18 neutrons: ${ } _ { 17 } ^ { 35 } \mathrm { Cl }$
B. B. Electronic formula for HF: $\mathrm { H } ^ { + } [ : \stackrel { \bullet } { \mathrm { F } } : ] ^ { - }$
C. C. Molecular formula of acetic acid: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { COOH }$
D. D. Schematic structure of an S atom: (+16) 1 /)

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: A. Chlorine is the 17th element, and its chlorine atom with 18 neutrons is expressed as ${ } ^ { 35 } \mathrm { Cl }$, A is correct; B. HF is a covalent compound, and the electronic formula should not show the information of anions and cations, B is wrong; C. The molecular formula of acetic acid should be $\mathrm { C } _ { 2 } \mathrm { H } _ { 4 } \mathrm { O } _ { 2 }$, C is wrong; D. The structure of the S atom is shown as (+16)286, D is wrong; D. The structure of the S atom: (+16) 286, D is incorrect.

Question 7

Question 7: 8. The following narratives are correct ( ) ![](/images/questions/organic-compounds/image-005.jpg)...

8. The following narratives are correct ( ) ![](/images/questions/organic-compounds/image-005.jpg) <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1n11okce0qar7i8zc" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW4xMW9rY2UwcWFyN2k4emMiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDE3OCAxMjMuODM5Mzg2NTIwMjg5MzUiIHN0eWxlPSJ3aWR0aDogMTc4LjQ5OTk5OTk5OTk2MTk3cHg7IGhlaWdodDogMTIzLjgzOTM4NjUyMDI4OTM1cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW4xMW9rY2UwcWFyN2k4emMtMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxMDQuOTk5OTk5OTk5OTc0NjMiIHkxPSI3NS41NTk2MDA0MzgzOTc3MSIgeDI9IjEzNi40OTk5OTk5OTk5NjE5NyIgeTI9Ijc1LjU1OTYyODcxMzAxMjA3Ij48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + 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A. A. Experimental formula for glucose: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$
B. B. Ball-and-stick modeling of isobutane:
C. C. Structural formula of 2-methylbromobenzene:
D. D. Scale modeling of carbon tetrachloride:

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: A. Glucose has the molecular formula $\mathrm { C } _ { 6 } \mathrm { H } _ { 12 } \mathrm { O } _ { 6 }$ and its experimental formula: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$, so A is correct; B . ![](/images/questions/organic-compounds/image-007.jpg) is a ball-and-stick model of n-butane, so B is incorrect; C. <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1n11ptdkw07jwdbnk" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW4xMXB0ZGt3MDdqd2RibmsiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDE3OCAxMjMuODM5Mzg2NTIwMjg5MzUiIHN0eWxlPSJ3aWR0aDogMTc4LjQ5OTk5OTk5OTk2MTk3cHg7IGhlaWdodDogMTIzLjgzOTM4NjUyMDI4OTM1cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW4xMXB0ZGt3MDdqd2RibmstMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxMDQuOTk5OTk5OTk5OTc0NjMiIHkxPSI3NS41NTk2MDA0MzgzOTc3MSIgeDI9IjEzNi40OTk5OTk5OTk5NjE5NyIgeTI9Ijc1LjU1OTYyODcxMzAxMjA3Ij48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + 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PHRzcGFuIHN0eWxlPSIKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHVuaWNvZGUtYmlkaTogcGxhaW50ZXh0OwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgd3JpdGluZy1tb2RlOiBsci10YjsKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIGxldHRlci1zcGFjaW5nOiBub3JtYWw7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjogbWlkZGxlOwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAiPkJyPC90c3Bhbj48L3RleHQ + PHRleHQgeD0iMTA1LjAwMDA0ODk3MzA0MzE2IiB5PSIyMSIgY2xhc3M9ImRlYnVnIiBmaWxsPSIjZmYwMDAwIiBzdHlsZT0iCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICBmb250OiA1cHggRHJvaWQgU2Fucywgc2Fucy1zZXJpZjsKICAgICAgICAgICAgIj48L3RleHQ +PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg=="/> The structure of 2-bromotoluene is the same as that of 2-bromotoluene. is the structural formula of 2-bromotoluene, so C is wrong; D. The radius of the chlorine atom in carbon tetrachloride is larger than that of the carbon atom, so $\square$ may be the scale model of methane or silane. Therefore, D is incorrect. In summary, the answer is A.

Question 8

Question 8: 9. Ethyl linalool can be used in the production of a variety of floral flavors, and its structural f...

9. Ethyl linalool can be used in the production of a variety of floral flavors, and its structural formula is shown in the figure. 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A. A. Contains two functional groups
B. B. Congener to $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } = \mathrm { CH } - \mathrm { CH } = \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 }$.
C. C. Capable of substitution and addition reactions
D. D. Can discolor bromine water

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: A. It contains two functional groups, carbon-carbon double bond and hydroxyl group, A is correct; B. Ethyl linalool contains an oxygen atom, and the molecular composition of $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } = \mathrm { CH } - \mathrm { CH } = \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 }$ will not differ only from ${ } ^ { n \text { 个 } C H _ { 2 } }$, but also from ${ } ^ { n \text { 个 } C H _ { 2 } }$, which is the same as $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } = \mathrm { CH } - \mathrm { CH } = \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 }$. B. There is a difference in the number of oxygen atoms; C. The hydroxyl group can have substitution reaction with sodium, etc., and the carbon-carbon double bond can have addition reaction with hydrogen, etc., C is correct; D. The carbon-carbon double bond can have an addition reaction with bromine water, resulting in the discoloration of bromine water, D is correct;

Question 9

Question 9: 10. The following statements about the comparison of ethylene and ethane are not correct

10. The following statements about the comparison of ethylene and ethane are not correct

A. A. Ethylene has the structural short form $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 }$ and ethane has the structural short form $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 }$.
B. B. Ethylene has no isomers, and neither does ethane
C. C. Ethylene molecules contain carbon-carbon double bonds, ethane molecules contain carbon-carbon single bonds, the double bonds are not as stable as the single bonds, resulting in ethylene's properties being more active than ethane's
D. D. The presence of unsaturated bonds in the ethylene molecule causes ethylene to discolor acidic $\mathrm { KMnO } _ { 4 }$ solutions and carbon tetrachloride bromine solutions.

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: A. In ethylene, the carbon-carbon double bond functional group can not be omitted, and the structural formula should be: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } = \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 }$, so A is wrong; B. Ethylene is the simplest olefin, there is only one structure, no isomers, ethane structural formula for $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 }$, no isomers, so B is correct; C. ethylene molecule in the carbon carbon double bond than ethane molecule in the carbon carbon single bond is easy to break, resulting in ethylene more unstable, chemical properties than ethane active, so C is correct; D. Ethylene in the carbon-carbon double bond is not stable, can be oxidized by potassium permanganate, so can make potassium permanganate solution discoloration; can also be and bromine and bromine addition reaction and make bromine carbon tetrachloride solution discoloration, so D correct.

Question 10

Question 10: 11. A small piece of sodium metal is thrown into a beaker containing ethanol, and the following desc...

11. A small piece of sodium metal is thrown into a beaker containing ethanol, and the following description of the phenomenon is correct (

A. A. Sodium block swimming on the liquid surface of ethanol
B. B. Sodium block melts into a small ball
C. C. The sodium block sinks below the surface of the ethanol liquid
D. D. The surface of the sodium block emits gas violently

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: A, because the density of ethanol is smaller than that of sodium, the sodium block sinks below the surface of ethanol, so A is wrong; C is correct; B, the reaction of sodium and ethanol exothermic is very little, not enough to melt the sodium, so B is wrong; D, the sodium particles reacted in ethanol, gradually become smaller, slowly produce bubbles, and produce hydrogen gas on the surface of sodium, so D is wrong.

Question 11

Question 11: 12. The following statements about ethanol are incorrect.

12. The following statements about ethanol are incorrect.

A. A. The functional group is - OH
B. B. Reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid
C. C. Can be oxidized to acetaldehyde under certain conditions
D. D. Reacts with $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { COOH }$ under certain conditions.

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: A. The structure of ethanol is $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { OH }$ and the functional group is hydroxyl (-OH), A is correct; B. Ethanol does not react with hydrochloric acid, B is wrong; C. Ethanol is oxidized under catalytic conditions (e.g., $\mathrm { Cu } , \mathrm { Ag }$ is heated as a catalyst) to produce acetaldehyde, C is correct; D. Ethanol and acetic acid can be heated in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid esterification reaction to produce ethyl acetate, D is correct.

Question 12

Question 12: 13. The following facts prove that the methane molecule is an orthotetrahedral structure centered on...

13. The following facts prove that the methane molecule is an orthotetrahedral structure centered on a carbon atom.

A. A. Methane is stable and normally does not react with strong acids, bases or oxidizing agents.
B. B. All four hydrogen atoms in a methane molecule can be replaced by chlorine
C. C. Methane has only one monochlorine substituent
D. D. There is only one dichloro-substitute for methane

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A. Methane is chemically stable because the C-H bond is short and the bond energy is large and difficult to destroy. Therefore, it cannot be proved that the methane molecule is an orthotetrahedral structure centered on a carbon atom, and A is wrong; B. No matter what kind of structure of methane, the four hydrogen atoms in the molecule can be replaced by chlorine, so it can not prove that the methane molecule is an orthotetrahedral structure centered on the carbon atom, B error; C. If methane has a planar structure, there is only one monochlorine substituent. Therefore, there is only one kind of monochlorine substitutes of methane, which cannot prove that the methane molecule is an orthotetrahedral structure centered on the carbon atom, and item C is wrong; D. If methane is a planar structure, its dichloro substitutes have two structures. And there is only one dichloro-substitute of methane, which can prove that the methane molecule is an orthotetrahedral structure centered on the carbon atom, and item D is correct; Answer choice D.

Question 13

Question 13: 14. A gaseous hydrocarbon is formed by the addition of 1 mol with 2 mol of hydrogen bromide, and the...

14. A gaseous hydrocarbon is formed by the addition of 1 mol with 2 mol of hydrogen bromide, and the addition product is completely replaced by 6 mol of bromine monomers. The hydrocarbon may be ( )

A. A. propylene
B. B. 1-Butene
C. C. propyne C2H2
D. D. 2-butynyl

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: A gaseous hydrocarbon 1 mol and 2 mol hydrogen bromide addition, that contains two double bonds or a triple bond, and the addition product can be 6 mol bromine monomers can be completely replaced, which means that the carbon atoms saturated, at most 8 hydrogen atoms, the number of carbon atoms is 3, the hydrocarbon can only be propargyne, so the answer is C.

Question 14

Question 14: 15. Chemistry is closely related to life, the following statements are correct ( )

15. Chemistry is closely related to life, the following statements are correct ( )

A. A. Mineral oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and vegetable oils are all mainly composed of hydrocarbons
B. B. Sports drinks are electrolytes
C. C. Carved glass is made by etching the glass with soda ash
D. D. Sulfuric acid is used to make fertilizers and pesticides

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A. Vegetable oils are fats and oils, derivatives of hydrocarbons, not hydrocarbons, so A is wrong; B. Drinks are mixtures, mixtures are neither electrolytes nor non-electrolytes, so B error; C. Hydrofluoric acid can react with silica, carved glass is made of glass etched with hydrofluoric acid, so C error; D. Fertilizers such as potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and pesticides such as copper sulfate are prepared with sulfuric acid as raw material, so D is correct; therefore, choose D.

Question 15

Question 15: 16. In order to remove the following substances mixed in a small amount of impurities (impurities in...

16. In order to remove the following substances mixed in a small amount of impurities (impurities in parentheses), the choice of reagents is wrong ( )

A. A. $\mathrm { C } _ { 2 } \mathrm { H } _ { 6 } \left( \mathrm { C } _ { 2 } \mathrm { H } _ { 4 } \right)$ : hydrogen
B. B. Bromobenzene $\left( \mathrm { Br } _ { 2 } \right) : \mathrm { NaOH }$ solution
C. C. $\mathrm { NO } \left( \mathrm { NO } _ { 2 } \right)$ : Water
D. D. $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } \left( \mathrm { SO } _ { 2 } \right)$ : Saturated $\mathrm { NaHCO } _ { 3 }$ solution

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: A. ethylene and hydrogen addition reaction to generate ethane, reaction conditions require high, and the amount of hydrogen is not good control, may remove the ethylene, the introduction of hydrogen impurities, so remove ethylene in ethane, can choose bromine water, A error; B. bromine monomers can be reacted with sodium hydroxide to generate water-soluble substances, bromobenzene and sodium hydroxide does not react and is layered, the selected reagent is reasonable, B is correct; C. Nitrogen dioxide and water reaction to generate nitric oxide and nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide can be removed, the selected reagent is reasonable, C is correct; D. Carbon dioxide does not react with sodium bicarbonate, sulfur dioxide reacts with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide, no new impurities are introduced, the selected reagent is reasonable, D is correct;

Question 16

Question 16: 17. The following statements are correct (

17. The following statements are correct (

A. A. Ethanol and acetic acid can undergo esterification, as long as there is an excess of one reactant the esterification reaction can proceed completely
B. B. When ethylene is passed into bromine water, the bromine water immediately fades in color, due to the bleaching properties of ethylene
C. C. Gasification of coal and dry distillation of coal both undergo chemical changes, while fractional distillation of petroleum is a physical change
D. D. Benzene cannot discolor acidic potassium permanganate solution, therefore benzene cannot undergo oxidation reaction

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: A. Esterification is a reversible reaction, and the reaction cannot go to the end; B. Ethylene contains unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds and can react with bromine water in an addition reaction; C. Coal gasification is the process of converting coal into a combustible gas, and coal dry distillation is the process of isolating coal from air and intensifying heat to make it decompose, both of which are chemical changes, while petroleum fractionation is the process of heating petroleum to obtain hydrocarbons with different boiling points, which is a physical change, and the fractionation is the process of heating petroleum to obtain hydrocarbons with different boiling points, which is a physical change. D. The reaction of a substance with oxygen is a chemical change; D. The reaction between a substance and oxygen is an oxidation reaction, and the burning of benzene is also an oxidation reaction, D is wrong; D. The combustion of benzene is also an oxidizing reaction.

Question 17

Question 17: 18. The structural formula of a hydrocarbon can be expressed in bondline form as <img class="imgSvg"...

18. The structural formula of a hydrocarbon can be expressed in bondline form as <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1n11opfxurgje3icb" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW4xMW9wZnh1cmdqZTNpY2IiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDI0OCAxMzYuNTAwMTIyNDMyNDMxMDYiIHN0eWxlPSJ3aWR0aDogMjQ3LjY3ODcyNzQwMzIyNzUzcHg7IGhlaWdodDogMTM2LjUwMDEyMjQzMjQzMTA2cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW4xMW9wZnh1cmdqZTNpY2ItMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxODMuOTYxODg1NzkyMDExNTciIHkxPSIxMTguODM1NDkyNzEzNTk3NjIiIHgyPSIyMDUuNzg1NzQwMTA0NjcyODciIHkyPSIxMDYuMjM1NTE3MjAwMTM5ODUiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW4xMW9wZnh1cmdqZTNpY2ItMyIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxNzguMzk4OTA5NTEyNDAwOSIgeTE9IjExNS41MDAxMjI0MzI0MzEwNCIgeDI9IjIwNS42Nzg3Mjc0MDMyMjc1MyIgeTI9Ijk5Ljc1MDE1MzA0MDYwODg1Ij48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFuMTFvcGZ4dXJnamUzaWNiLTUiIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iMTUxLjExOTEyNjk2NDg0MjI1IiB5MT0iOTkuNzUwMDkxODI0MjczMDQiIHgyPSIxNzguMzk4OTA5NTEyNDAwOSIgeTI9IjExNS41MDAxMjI0MzI0MzEwNCI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. 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A. A. 3 types
B. B. 4 species
C. C. 5 species
D. D. 6 species

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: Numbering the double bonded carbon atoms <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1n11px0wfkby25acl" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW4xMXB4MHdma2J5MjVhY2wiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDI0OCAxMzYuNDk5OTYzMjcwMTM0NTciIHN0eWxlPSJ3aWR0aDogMjQ3LjY3ODc4Mzk1MjQwMjIzcHg7IGhlaWdodDogMTM2LjQ5OTk2MzI3MDEzNDU3cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW4xMXB4MHdma2J5MjVhY2wtMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxNzguMzk4OTc2OTczNjEyOTUiIHkxPSIyMSIgeDI9IjE3OC4zOTkwMzI5MDQ5NTkzIiB5Mj0iNTIuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTUwMzQiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW4xMXB4MHdma2J5MjVhY2wtMyIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxNzguMzk5MDMyOTA0OTU5MyIgeTE9IjUyLjQ5OTk5OTk5OTk1MDM0IiB4Mj0iMjA1LjY3ODc4Mzk1MjQwMjIzIiB5Mj0iNjguMjUwMDg1MTY3NjQxOTMiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW4xMXB4MHdma2J5MjVhY2wtNSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxNTEuMTE5MjIyMDgyNzc1MyIgeTE9IjY4LjI0OTk4MTYzNTA0NjAxIiB4Mj0iMTc4LjM5OTAzMjkwNDk1OTMiIHkyPSI1Mi40OTk5OTk5OTk5NTAzNCI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+ PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+ PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImxpbmUtbWkxbjExcHgwd2ZrYnkyNWFjbC03IiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9IjE1MS4xMTkyMDA4NzY4MTQ1NSIgeTE9Ijk5Ljc0OTk4MTYzNTAzODg4IiB4Mj0iMTUxLjExOTIyMjA4Mjc3NTMiIHkyPSI2OC4yNDk5ODE2MzUwNDYwMSI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. 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Question 18

Question 18: 19. The reagents or methods selected for the identification of the following groups of organic subst...

19. The reagents or methods selected for the identification of the following groups of organic substances are feasible ().

A. A. Ethylene and acetylene: carbon tetrachloride solution of bromine
B. B. Toluene and xylene: acidic $\mathrm { KMnO } _ { 4 }$ solution
C. C. Starch and protein: iodized water
D. D. Acetic and propionic acids: sodium carbonate solution

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: A. Ethylene and acetylene both contain carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds and can discolor carbon tetrachloride bromide solution, A is not feasible; B. Toluene and xylene can be oxidized by acidic $\mathrm { KMnO } _ { 4 }$ solution, thus discoloring acidic $\mathrm { KMnO } _ { 4 }$ solution, B is not feasible; C. Starch turns blue when exposed to iodized water, while protein has no phenomenon when exposed to iodized water, so iodized water can be used to distinguish between starch and protein, C is feasible; D. Acetic acid and propionic acid are acidic, can react with sodium carbonate solution and produce carbon dioxide gas, D is not feasible: C.

Question 19

Question 19: 20 . Sugars, fats, and proteins are important substances for living organisms, and the following sta...

20 . Sugars, fats, and proteins are important substances for living organisms, and the following statements are correct ( )

A. A. The only product of sucrose hydrolysis is glucose
B. B. Sugars, fats, and proteins are all macromolecules.
C. C. Hydrogenation of fats and oils is an addition reaction
D. D. Starch and cellulose are isomers of each other

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: A. Sucrose hydrolysis products are glucose and fructose, so A error; B. The monosaccharides and disaccharides in sugars are small molecular compounds, and fats and oils are small molecular compounds, so B is wrong; C. Hydrogenation of fats and oils refers to the reaction of unsaturated fatty acid glycerides and hydrogen addition to produce saturated fatty acid glycerides, so C is correct; D. Starch and cellulose in the number of monomers is not certain, not isomers, so D error;

Question 20

Question 20: 21.1 mol of a chain hydrocarbon can react with up to 1 mol of HCl in an addition reaction to form 1 ...

21.1 mol of a chain hydrocarbon can react with up to 1 mol of HCl in an addition reaction to form 1 mol of a chlorinated alkane, which can react with $7 \mathrm { molCl } _ { 2 }$ in a substitution reaction to form a chlorinated hydrocarbon containing only carbon and chlorine. The hydrocarbon may be ( )

A. A. propylene
B. B. propyne C2H2
C. C. 1-butynyl
D. D. 1,3-Butadiene

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: 1 mol chain hydrocarbon can and 1 molHCl addition, it can be known that the chain hydrocarbon molecule contains a carbon-carbon double bond, 1 mol generated chlorinated alkanes and $7 \mathrm {~mol} { } ^ { \mathrm { Cl } _ { 2 } }$ substitution reaction occurs, and the molecule after the substitution does not contain H atoms, that is to say, this chlorinated alkanes have 7 H atoms, then the original molecule of the hydrocarbon has 6 H atoms, compared with the options, the hydrocarbon may be Propylene ( $\left. \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } = \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \right)$).

Question 21

Question 21: 22. Chemistry is found everywhere in life. The following descriptions are correct

22. Chemistry is found everywhere in life. The following descriptions are correct

A. A. Cotton, hemp and silk are all carbohydrates
B. B. The $\mathrm { Al } ( \mathrm { OH } ) _ { 3 }$ colloid formed by alum dissolved in water is used for water purification.
C. C. 2 B Lead dioxide in pencil lead
D. D. Use of phosphorus-containing detergents does not cause water pollution

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: A. The main component of silk is protein, cotton and hemp is the main component of cellulose, A error; B. Alum dissolved in water, aluminum ion hydrolysis generates aluminum hydroxide colloid, can adsorb impurities in the water, so as to achieve the purpose of water purification, B correct; C.2 B The composition of pencil lead is graphite, C is wrong; D. The use of phosphorus-containing detergents can cause eutrophication of water bodies, D is wrong; Answer choice B.

Question 22

Question 22: 23. Chemistry is closely related to production and life. The following relevant statements are corre...

23. Chemistry is closely related to production and life. The following relevant statements are correct ( )

A. A. Ceramics, glass, crystal are all silicate products
B. B. Medical Dextrose Injection Denatures Proteins in Bacteria
C. C. 24 K gold jewelry is less hard than 18 K. You can tell the difference by "biting" it.
D. D. CO is toxic and binds to hemoglobin less than oxygen

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: A. The main component of crystal is $\mathrm { SiO } _ { 2 }$, which is an oxide of the element silicon, not a silicate, A error; B.Medical glucose injection cannot denature the proteins in bacteria, B error; C. 24 K gold jewelry hardness than the 18 K small, according to the hardness of the two different, through the teeth to "bite" way to distinguish, C correct; D. CO is toxic because its ability to bind to hemoglobin is greater than that of oxygen, but its ability to dissociate is weaker than that of oxygen.

Question 23

Question 23: 24. The main component of the following household products is protein ( )

24. The main component of the following household products is protein ( )

A. A. serviette
B. B. Jade Chopsticks
C. C. preservative film
D. D. leather belt

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A, the main component of napkins is a variety of plant fibers, belonging to cellulose, so A error; B, jade The main component of chopsticks is the mineral containing silicon, aluminum and other elements, belonging to the inorganic material, so B is wrong; C, the main component of plastic wrap belongs to the plastic, so C is wrong; D, protein mainly exists in animal muscle, skin, hair, hooves and horns, as well as many plant seeds, the cowhide is made of cowhide, the main component of the cowhide is protein, so D is correct.

Question 24

Question 24: 25. The molecular structure of a small molecule anticancer drug is shown in the figure, the followin...

25. The molecular structure of a small molecule anticancer drug is shown in the figure, the following statement is correct () <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1n11pkodnafpmsz0h" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW4xMXBrb2RuYWZwbXN6MGgiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDI3NSAyMTUuMjUwMDU1MDk0NTE2NTQiIHN0eWxlPSJ3aWR0aDogMjc0Ljk1ODUzMTE1Njc5Mzg3cHg7IGhlaWdodDogMjE1LjI1MDA1NTA5NDUxNjU0cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW4xMXBrb2RuYWZwbXN6MGgtMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxNzguMzk4ODcwOTQzODA5MTMiIHkxPSIxOTQuMjUwMDU1MDk0NTE2NTQiIHgyPSIxNzguMzk4OTY5Mjg3MDc3MDUiIHkyPSIxNjIuNzUwMDU1MDk0NjcwMDUiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW4xMXBrb2RuYWZwbXN6MGgtMyIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxNzguMzk4OTY5Mjg3MDc3MDUiIHkxPSIxNjIuNzUwMDU1MDk0NjcwMDUiIHgyPSIyMDUuNjc4NzQxNTQwNTcwNjYiIHkyPSIxNDcuMDAwMDA2NjU2NzI4MDMiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW4xMXBrb2RuYWZwbXN6MGgtNSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxNTEuMTE5MTc5NjcwODUzNzgiIHkxPSIxNDcuMDAwMDM2NzI5NzcyOSIgeDI9IjE3OC4zOTg5NjkyODcwNzcwNSIgeTI9IjE2Mi43NTAwNTUwOTQ2NzAwNSI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. 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A. A. 1 mol of this organic compound can react with up to 5 mol of NaOH.
B. B. The organic compound is susceptible to addition, substitution, and neutralization reactions
C. C. This organic compound does not change color in $\mathrm { FeCl } _ { 3 }$ solution, but discolors acidic $\mathrm { KMnO } _ { 4 }$ solutions.
D. D. 1 mol of this organic compound reacts with concentrated bromine, consuming at most ${ } ^ { 2 \mathrm { molBr } _ { 2 } }$

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: A. Carboxy, ester, and phenolic hydroxyl groups can react with sodium hydroxide, and 1 mol of this organic compound can react with up to 4 mol of NaOH, so A is wrong; B. The organic compound contains carbon-carbon double bond, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, ester group, and it is easy for addition, substitution and neutralization reactions to occur, so B is correct; C. The organic compound contains phenolic hydroxyl group, meet $\mathrm { FeCl } _ { 3 }$ solution discoloration, so C error; D. The phenolic hydroxyl group is substituted with bromine in the neighboring and opposite positions, and the carbon-carbon double bond can be added with bromine. 1 mol of this organic compound is reacted with concentrated bromine, and at most $3 \mathrm { molBr } _ { 2 }$ is consumed, so it is wrong in D. The reaction of this organic compound with concentrated bromine is not correct, so it is incorrect; B.

Question 25

Question 25: 27. France, the United States, the Netherlands, three scientists for research "design and synthesis ...

27. France, the United States, the Netherlands, three scientists for research "design and synthesis of molecular machines" jointly won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Rotane is a molecular machine "wheels", the basic raw materials for the synthesis of rotane propylene, pentanol, benzene, the following statement is not correct

A. A. Benzene mixed with bromine water undergoes a substitution reaction
B. B. Acrylic discolors bromine.
C. C. Pentanol and ethanol both contain hydroxyl groups
D. D. Benzene reacts with sufficient hydrogen to form cyclohexane in a nickel-catalyzed addition reaction.

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: A. Benzene does not react with bromine water, bromine is easily soluble in benzene, benzene and bromine water are mixed and oscillated, and the color of the water layer becomes lighter because of extraction, and benzene can be substituted with liquid bromine under catalytic conditions, so A is wrong; B. Propylene contains carbon-carbon double bond, can be added with bromine water reaction, and make the bromine water discoloration, so B is correct; C. Pentanol and ethanol are saturated alkane molecules in a hydrogen atom is hydroxyl - OH substitution of substances containing functional groups for the hydroxyl group, belonging to alcohols, so C is correct; D. Although benzene does not have a carbon-carbon double bond, there is a large $\pi$ bond in the structure, under the condition of nickel as a catalyst, it can also be added with $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 }$ to produce cyclohexane, so D is correct; The answer is A.

Question 26

Question 26: 28 . The following description does not correctly reflect the facts

28 . The following description does not correctly reflect the facts

A. A. At room temperature ${ } ^ { \mathrm { SiO } _ { 2 } }$ does not react with carbon, but at high temperatures produces $\mathrm { Si } _ { \text {和 } } \mathrm { CO }$
B. B. Benzene does not react with bromine at room temperature, but large amounts of bromobenzene are produced at elevated temperatures.
C. C. Normally selenium-containing compounds are toxic, but trace amounts of selenium are beneficial to health
D. D. Certain analgesic alkaloids can be used medically, but abuse can be hazardous to health

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: A. At high temperatures $\mathrm { SiO } _ { 2 }$ reacts with carbon to form Si and CO; B. The bromination of benzene requires a catalyst, and bromobenzene cannot be produced by raising the temperature alone, B. Wrong; C. Most selenium compounds (e.g., hydrogen selenide) are toxic, but selenium is an essential trace element that is good for health when ingested in small quantities, but harmful when ingested in excess; D. The dual role of analgesic alkaloids is correctly described, for example, alkaloids such as morphine can be used for analgesic treatment, but abuse can lead to addiction and health hazards, D is correct;

Question 27

Question 27: 29 . Many of the life tricks in the CCTV program "Family Tips" are related to chemical knowledge. Th...

A. A. A
B. B. B
C. C. C
D. D. D

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A. Activated carbon has a loose porous structure, so there is a strong adsorption, can adsorb odor molecules in the refrigerator, so as to achieve the effect of removing the odor, A correct; B. Mosquito bites, will be injected into the body of an acidic substance, resulting in itching and other symptoms of the skin, soapy water alkaline, can neutralize the acidic substance, thereby relieving the itching, B is correct; C. bananas and apples can be put together to ripen, this is because ripe apples will release ethylene gas, ethylene has the role of ripening, can accelerate the ripening process of immature fruit, C is correct; D. Enzyme is a protein, too high a temperature will lead to protein denaturation and inactivation, D error;

Question 28

Question 28: 30 . The following experimental maneuvers will accomplish the purpose of the experiment | Options |...

30 . The following experimental maneuvers will accomplish the purpose of the experiment | Options | Experimental Manipulation | Experimental Objectives | | :---- | :--- | :--- | | A | $\mathrm { Cl } _ { 2 }$ into purple litmus solution | test chlorine water for acidity and $\mathrm { Cl } _ { 2 }$ for bleaching | B | test chlorine water for acidity and $\mathrm { Cl } _ { 2 }$ for bleaching | B | test chlorine water for bleaching | B | add water to a test tube after the reaction of Cu with concentrated $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { SO } _ { 4 }$ | determine the formation of $\mathrm { CuSO } _ { 4 }$ by looking at the color of the solution | C | add a few drops of $\mathrm { K } _ { 3 } \mathrm { Fe } ( \mathrm { CN } ) _ { 6 }$ solution to a solution | test for the presence of $\mathrm { FeCl } _ { 3 }$ impurities in the $\mathrm { Fe } ^ { 2 + }$ solution | | D | Prepare ethylene gas by rapidly heating a mixture of ethanol and concentrated $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { SO } _ { 4 }$ to $140 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ | | :--- | :--- | :--- |

A. A. A
B. B. B
C. C. C
D. D. D

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: $\mathrm { A } . \mathrm { Cl } _ { 2 }$ is passed into the purple litmus test solution to test the acidity of chlorine water and the bleaching property of HClO produced by the reaction of $\mathrm { Cl } _ { 2 }$ with water; B. Concentrated sulfuric acid diluted with water will be exothermic, due to the density of water added to concentrated sulfuric acid will splash out of the acid, so the copper and concentrated sulfuric acid reaction should be injected into the water slowly along the inner wall of the test tube, and constantly oscillate, observe the color of the solution to determine the generation of copper sulfate, B error; C. To test the presence of ferrous ions in $\mathrm { FeCl } _ { 3 }$ solution, add a few drops of $\mathrm { K } _ { 3 } \mathrm { Fe } ( \mathrm { CN } ) _ { 6 }$ solution, which produces a blue precipitate, and then add a few drops of $\mathrm { K } _ { 3 } \mathrm { Fe } ( \mathrm { CN } ) _ { 6 }$ to the $\mathrm { K } _ { 3 } \mathrm { Fe } ( \mathrm { CN } ) _ { 6 }$ solution. The $\mathrm { K } _ { 3 } \mathrm { Fe } ( \mathrm { CN } ) _ { 6 }$ solution does not react with $\mathrm { Fe } ^ { 3 + }$; D. Ethylene gas is prepared by rapidly heating a mixture of ethanol and concentrated $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { SO } _ { 4 }$ to $170 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$, and $140 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ reacts to form ether; The answer is C.

Question 29

Question 29: 31. Remove small amounts of impurities contained in the following substances (impurities in parenthe...

31. Remove small amounts of impurities contained in the following substances (impurities in parentheses), the method used is incorrect | Options | Gases (impurities) | Methods | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | A | $\mathrm { SO } _ { 2 }$(HCl) | by saturated $\mathrm { NaHSO } _ { 3 }$ solution | | B | $\mathrm { C } _ { 2 } \mathrm { H } _ { 6 } \left( \mathrm { C } _ { 2 } \mathrm { H } _ { 4 } \right)$ | by an acidic potassium permanganate solution | | C | CuO(C) | burned in air | | D | $\mathrm { NO } \left( \mathrm { NO } _ { 2 } \right)$ | in order by water, concentrated sulfuric acid |

A. A. A
B. B. B
C. C. C
D. D. D

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: A. HCl can react with $\mathrm { NaHSO } _ { 3 }$ to form $\mathrm { SO } _ { 2 }$, and $\mathrm { SO } _ { 2 }$ is insoluble in saturated $\mathrm { NaHSO } _ { 3 }$ solution, so we can remove HCl in $\mathrm { SO } _ { 2 }$ with saturated $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ solution. A is correct because the HCl in $\mathrm { SO } _ { 2 }$ is not dissolved in saturated $\mathrm { NaHSO } _ { 3 }$ solution; B. Ethylene can be oxidized to $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ by acidic potassium permanganate, which introduces a new impurity into ethane, so B is wrong; C. Carbon is converted to $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ gas by burning in air, so C in CuO can be removed by burning, so C is correct; D. Nitric acid and NO are produced by the reaction of $\mathrm { NO } _ { 2 }$ and water, and NO is dried with concentrated sulfuric acid, so D is correct;

Question 30

Question 30: 32 . The following statements are correct

32 . The following statements are correct

A. A. Hydrolysis of propyl stearate under alkaline conditions is called saponification reaction
B. B. Both starch and cellulose can be hydrolyzed under certain conditions to obtain glucose
C. C. Addition of ammonium sulfate solution to a solution of egg white causes the egg white to coagulate and lose its physiological activity
D. D. Proteins are macromolecular compounds containing only $\mathrm { C } , \mathrm { H } , \mathrm { O } , \mathrm {~N}$ four elements

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: Test Question Analysis: A. Glycerol stearate hydrolysis reaction under alkaline conditions is called saponification reaction, A error; B. Starch and cellulose in certain conditions are glucose final hydrolysis products, B correct; C. To the egg white add saturated ammonium sulfate solution, you can observe the phenomenon for the precipitation of precipitation, indicating that saturated ammonium sulfate solution can make the solubility of the protein becomes smaller, the process is called the salting-out of protein, salting-out is a reversible process, will not make the egg white lose physiological activity, C error; D. Proteins are polymer compounds containing elements such as C, H, O, N and S, D error; the answer is B. Exam B. This process is called protein salinization, salinization is a reversible process, will not make the egg white lose physiological activity, C is wrong; D. Protein is a polymer compound containing C, H, O, N, S and other elements, D is wrong; the answer is B. Exam point: Examination of the nature of starch, cellulose, proteins. $33 . \mathrm { B }$ [Knowledge Points] halogenated hydrocarbons elimination reaction, the weak acidity of phenol, the separation of substances, purification [Detailed Explanation]A. The reaction between calcium carbide and water is very violent, is not conducive to the collection of acetylene gas, the application of saturated brine can slow down the reaction rate, is conducive to the collection of gas, so A error; B. benzoic acid in water solubility is not large, and by the temperature is greater, then dissolve by heating, filtering while hot, cooling crystallization, filtration, washing, drying and purification of benzoic acid, so B is correct; C. 1-bromobutane and NaOH alcohol solution co-heating elimination reaction to generate olefins, but the mixed solution of ethanol can also make the acidic potassium permanganate discoloration, can not be verified with acidic potassium permanganate, should be verified with bromine water, so C is wrong; D. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is volatile and it is not possible to determine whether the reaction with sodium phenol is $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$, so D is wrong; Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 31

Question 31: 33. In the experiments in the table below, the correct experimental method according to the purpose ...

33. In the experiments in the table below, the correct experimental method according to the purpose of the experiment is | Select <br> Item | Purpose of the experiment | Experimental method | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | A | Laboratory Preparation of Acetylene | Adding water to a flask containing calcium carbide through a dispensing funnel | | B | Purify benzoic acid (with small amounts of sediment, NaCl) by recrystallization | Dissolve by heating, filter while hot, crystallize by cooling, filter | | C | prove that 1-bromobutane undergoes an elimination reaction | pass 1-bromobutane after co-heating it with an alcoholic solution of NaOH into an acidic potassium permanganate solution | | D | prove that carbonic acid is more acidic than phenol | add concentrated hydrochloric acid to a simple kip generator containing limestone and pass the resulting gas into a solution of sodium phenol |

A. A. A
B. B. B
C. C. C
D. D. D

Answer

Answer: B

Question 32

Question 32: 34. The following experiments are simple, scientific and successful ()

34. The following experiments are simple, scientific and successful ()

A. A. Preparation of ethyl acetate by injecting a mixture of acetic acid and ethanol into concentrated sulfuric acid
B. B. The copper wire is heated on the outer flame of an alcohol lamp to turn black, and then inserted into the ethanol solution the wire returns to its original red color
C. C. Fill the test tube with $2 \mathrm { mLCuSO } _ { 4 }$ solution and add a few drops of NaOH solution, then add acetaldehyde solution to produce a red precipitate.
D. D. Add dilute sulfuric acid to the starch solution and heat it for some time, then add silver ammonia solution to test whether it is hydrolyzed or not

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: 试题分析:A,滴加顺序是乙醇,浓硫酸,乙酸,此反应需要加热,但题目中没有说明,实验不成功,故错;B,发生反应是 $2 \mathrm { Cu } + \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } = 2 \mathrm { CuO } , \mathrm { CuO } + \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { OH } \rightarrow \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CHO } + \mathrm { Cu } + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$,能够成功,故正确;C,氧化乙醛,此环境是碱性环境,几滴 NaOH溶液,不能使溶液处于碱性,不能成功,故错; D, and silver ammonia solution reaction, the occurrence of silver mirror, the need for the environment is alkaline, but the title does not neutralize the dilute sulfuric acid, can not be successful, so it is wrong. Points : Examine the evaluation of experimental design and other knowledge.

Question 33

Question 33: 35. Isooctane in gasoline ( <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1n11pqgltckr0n046" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...

35. Isooctane in gasoline ( <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1n11pqgltckr0n046" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW4xMXBxZ2x0Y2tyMG4wNDYiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDE5NCAxMjguMDU5NTg2MzAxMTAzNzYiIHN0eWxlPSJ3aWR0aDogMTk0LjI1MDAxMjI0MzI1NjA3cHg7IGhlaWdodDogMTI4LjA1OTU4NjMwMTEwMzc2cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW4xMXBxZ2x0Y2tyMG4wNDYtMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxMjAuNzUwMDEyMjQzMjU5MjMiIHkxPSI0OC4yNzk4MDcyODc4NjA2NTYiIHgyPSIxNTIuMjUwMDEyMjQzMjU2MDciIHkyPSI0OC4yNzk4MjE0MjUxNjc4MyI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. 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A. A. Gas at room temperature and pressure
B. B. There are 4 monochlorinated substitutes
C. C. Cannot be produced by hydrogenation of olefins
D. D. Systematically named 2,4,4-trimethylpentane

Answer

Answer: B

Solution: A. From the structural formula, it can be seen that the isooctane molecule is an alkane with more than 4 carbon atoms, and it is a liquid at room temperature and pressure, so A is wrong; B. From the structural formula, isooctane molecule contains 4 kinds of hydrogen atoms, and there are 4 kinds of monochlorine substitutes, so B is correct; ![](/images/questions/organic-compounds/image-008.jpg) ![](/images/questions/organic-compounds/image-009.jpg) D. From the structural formula, the isooctane molecule contains 5 carbon atoms in the longest carbon chain and 3 methyl groups in the side chain, the name is 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, so D is wrong;

Question 34

Question 34: 36. Sugars, fats and proteins are the three major nutrients necessary to maintain the life activitie...

36. Sugars, fats and proteins are the three major nutrients necessary to maintain the life activities of the human body. The following statements are incorrect

A. A. When a person accidentally ingests heavy metal salts, they can drink large amounts of milk and egg whites to detoxify them
B. B. The end product of starch hydrolysis reacts with freshly prepared $\mathrm { Cu } ( \mathrm { OH } ) _ { 2 }$
C. C. The precipitate produced by the addition of saturated ammonium sulfate solution to a protein solution can be redissolved in water
D. D. The complete combustion of cotton, linen, silk and wool produces only $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ and $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$.

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: Test Question Analysis: A. Heavy metal salts can denature proteins, so when people accidentally eat heavy metal salts, you can drink a lot of milk, egg whites detoxification, A correct; B. Starch hydrolysis of the end product is glucose, glucose contains aldehyde, can be reacted with the new $\mathrm { Cu } ( \mathrm { OH } ) _ { 2 }$, B correct; C. Salt precipitation occurs when saturated ammonium sulfate is added to the protein solution, the resulting precipitate can be re-dissolved in water. The precipitate can be re-dissolved in water, C is correct; D. Cotton, hemp is mainly composed of C, H, O three elements, complete combustion only produces $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ and $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$. Silk and wool are mainly composed of proteins, and complete combustion does not only produce $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ and $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$, D is wrong, and $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ and $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$ are not produced. The answer is D. Points: the structure and properties of sugars, fats and proteins

Question 35

Question 35: 37. Astronomers have discovered a 463-billion-kilometer-long methanol gas cloud in space, an astrono...

37. Astronomers have discovered a 463-billion-kilometer-long methanol gas cloud in space, an astronomical discovery that provides strong evidence for revealing how primordial gases form massive stars. The following statements about alcohols are correct

A. A. Methanol can undergo catalytic oxidation to produce formaldehyde
B. B. All alcohols can undergo elimination reactions
C. C. All alcohols conform to the general formula $\mathrm { C } _ { \mathrm { n } } \mathrm { H } _ { 2 \mathrm { n } + 1 } \mathrm { OH }$
D. D. Alcohols react more violently with sodium than water does with sodium

Answer

Answer: A

Solution: A . A. Methanol $\mathrm { HCH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { OH }$ can be catalytically oxidized to form formaldehyde $\mathrm { HCHO } , \mathrm { A }$; B. Elimination reaction needs to satisfy the condition that there are H atoms on the neighboring carbon of the carbon connected to the hydroxyl group, and methanol cannot be eliminated, so B is wrong; C. Derivatives of hydrocarbons containing an alcohol hydroxyl group can be called alcohols. If the hydrocarbon group contains a carbon-carbon double bond with an unsaturated bond, the formula may be $\mathrm { C } _ { \mathrm { n } } \mathrm { H } _ { 2 \mathrm { n } - 1 } \mathrm { OH }$, which is C incorrect; D. The H on the alcohol hydroxyl group is less active than the H in water, and water reacts more violently with Na, D is wrong.

Question 36

Question 36: 38 . One of the following statements is incorrect

38 . One of the following statements is incorrect

A. A. Concentrated nitric acid splashed on the skin gives the skin a yellow color due to the color reaction between concentrated nitric acid and proteins
B. B. To test whether the hydrolysis products of sucrose are reducing, in the hydrolyzed solution, sodium hydroxide solution is added to neutralize to alkaline, then freshly prepared copper hydroxide suspension is added and heated
C. C. Test the degree of saponification reaction, take a few drops of the reaction solution, drop into a test tube filled with hot water and shake, if no oil droplets floating on the liquid surface, indicating that the oil has been completely reacted
D. D. Test the degree of hydrolysis of starch catalyzed by dilute sulfuric acid is: take an appropriate amount of hydrolysate in a test tube, add a small amount of iodine water, if there is a blue color indicates that there is no hydrolysis

Answer

Answer: D

Solution: A. The main component of the skin is protein, containing a benzene ring of protein in concentrated nitric acid yellow, concentrated nitric acid on the skin can make the skin yellow, which is due to concentrated nitric acid and protein color reaction, option A is correct; B, sucrose hydrolysis products of glucose contains aldehyde group, under alkaline conditions and copper hydroxide suspension reaction produces a brick red precipitate, so the test of sucrose hydrolysis products whether the reductive, in the hydrolyzed solution, the first addition of sodium hydroxide solution and neutralize to alkaline, and then add the new copper hydroxide suspension, and heating, option B correct; C, test the degree of saponification reaction, take a few drops of reaction solution, drop into a test tube filled with hot water and oscillation, if no oil droplets floating on the liquid surface, indicating that the oils and fats have been completely reacted to generate glycerol and fatty acid salts, the solution is not stratified, option C is correct; D, test the degree of hydrolysis of starch catalyzed by dilute sulfuric acid is the following: take the amount of hydrolysis in a test tube, add a small amount of iodine, if the blue color can only indicate that starch If blue color appears, it can only show that the starch is not hydrolyzed or the hydrolysis is incomplete, option D is wrong. The answer is D.

Question 37

Question 37: 39. The following narratives are correct ( )

39. The following narratives are correct ( )

A. A. Bleach, water glass, glacial acetic acid and polyethylene are all mixtures
B. B. Metal oxides must be basic oxides
C. C. The essential feature that distinguishes colloids from other dispersion systems is that the colloidal particles have diameters between $1 \sim 100 \mathrm {~nm}$
D. D. Starch, oils and proteins are all natural macromolecular compounds

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: Test Question Analysis: A, glacial acetic acid is pure acetic acid, belongs to the pure substance, so it is wrong; B, aluminum oxide is an amphoteric oxide, so it is wrong; C, colloid is different from other dispersed system of the essential characteristics of colloid particles between $1 ~ 100 \mathrm {~nm}$, greater than 100 nm is a turbid liquid, less than 1 nm for the solution, so it is correct; D, oil is not a polymer compound, natural D, grease is not a polymer compound, natural polymer compounds are starch, cellulose, protein, so wrong. Examination point: the classification of substances, natural polymer compounds and other knowledge.

Question 38

Question 38: 40. Chemistry is closely related to production, life and science and technology. The following relev...

40. Chemistry is closely related to production, life and science and technology. The following relevant statements are wrong () High School Chemistry Assignment, October 31, 2025

A. A. Nucleic acid testing is an effective means of confirming the type of virus, and nucleic acids are macromolecular compounds
B. B. Promoting ethanol gasoline to reduce air pollution
C. C. Polyvinyl chloride for heat-resistant coatings for non-stick pans
D. D. $\alpha$-alanine $\left[ \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \left( \mathrm { NH } _ { 2 } \right) \mathrm { COOH } \right]$ is obtained from the hydrolysis of natural proteins and reacts with both acids and bases

Answer

Answer: C

Solution: A. Nucleic acid test is an effective means of confirming the type of virus, nucleic acid is a polymer compound, nucleic acid is a biological macromolecule, the relative molecular mass of which can reach millions, A correct; B.Ethanol gasoline produces carbon dioxide and water when burned completely, which can reduce air pollution; C. Polyvinyl chloride is not heat-resistant, can not do non-stick surface materials, generally use PTFE, C error; D. Natural protein hydrolysis can get $\alpha$-alanine, $\alpha$-alanine contains carboxyl group, so it is acidic and it contains the amino acid at the same time alkaline, so $\alpha$-alanine both can be used to reduce air pollution. ]]-alanine reacts with both acids and bases; Answer choice C.

Basic Organic Compounds

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