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Chemical Nomenclature and Equations - Practice Questions (37)

Question 1: 1. Nitrous oxide ${ } ^ { \left( \mathrm { N } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } \right) }$ is an anesthetic tha...

1. Nitrous oxide ${ } ^ { \left( \mathrm { N } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } \right) }$ is an anesthetic that provides rapid analgesia when inhaled in small quantities without damage to the heart, lungs, liver or kidneys. Nitrous oxide ${ } ^ { \left( \mathrm { N } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } \right) }$ is an anesthetic. Nitrous oxide $\left( \mathrm { N } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } \right) _ { \text {中氮元素的化合价为( )} }$ is an anesthetic.

  • A. A. - 1
  • B. B. - 2
  • C. C. + 1
  • D. D. + 2

Answer: C

Solution: In nitrous oxide, the element oxygen generally shows -2 valence, and the valence of the element nitrogen is $x$, according to the fact that the algebraic sum of the positive and negative valences in a compound is zero, it can be obtained as: $2 x + ( - 2 ) = 0$, and $x = + 1$ valence. Hence Choice: C.

Question 2: 2. The following basic chemical terms are expressed correctly ( ) <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfv...

2. The following basic chemical terms are expressed correctly ( ) <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfvmlf7f2kus5mf" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW16ZnZtbGY3ZjJrdXM1bWYiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDE3MCAxMjAuNzUwMDMwNjA4MTE4MzIiIHN0eWxlPSJ3aWR0aDogMTcwLjA1OTYwMDQzODM2NTQ2cHg7IGhlaWdodDogMTIwLjc1MDAzMDYwODExODMycHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZnZtbGY3ZjJrdXM1bWYtMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI5Ni41NTk1NjUwOTUxMTczNiIgeTE9Ijk5Ljc1MDAzMDYwODExODMyiB4Mj0iOTYuNTU5NjAwNDM4Mzg1MjkiIHkyPSI2OC4yNTAwMzA2MDgxMzgxNiI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. 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  • A. A. Electronic formula of $\mathrm { CCl } _ { 4 }$:
  • B. B. Structural formula of HClO: $\mathrm { H } - \mathrm { Cl } - \mathrm { O }$
  • C. C. Molecular structure model of $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$: $\square$ D. Schematic structure of ${ } ^ { 34 } \mathrm {~S} ^ { 2 - }$ :
  • D. D. Molecular structure model of $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$: $\square$ D. ${ } ^ { 34 } \mathrm {~S} ^ { 2 - }$

Answer: D

Solution: A. Chlorine atoms have seven electrons in the outermost layer, four chlorine atoms and carbon atoms to form a common pair of electron pairs, carbon tetrachloride Cl atoms are also the outermost layer of the 8-electron structure, A error; B. In HClO, O atoms and $\mathrm { Cl } , \mathrm { H }$ atoms share one pair of electrons, and the structural formula is $\mathrm { H } - \mathrm { O } - \mathrm { Cl }$, which is wrong; C. The radius of C atoms should be larger than that of O atoms, the model is wrong, C is wrong; D. ${ } ^ { 34 } \mathrm {~S}$ atoms have 16 electrons outside the nucleus, get two electrons to form ${ } ^ { 34 } \mathrm {~S} ^ { 2 - }$, the structure of the $( + 16 )$ (考攵)$\left. { } ^ { 8 } \right| _ { \mid } ^ { 8 }$, D is correct; In summary, the answer is D.

Question 3: 3. A good grasp of the correct chemical terminology is the basis for learning chemistry, the followi...

3. A good grasp of the correct chemical terminology is the basis for learning chemistry, the following relevant expressions are correct ( ) ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-001.jpg) ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-002.jpg) <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfvqq3sqgls7l1" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, 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 + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ2cXEzc3FnbHM3bDEtMyIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI0MiIgeTE9IjUyLjQ5OTk4NTg2MjY4OTY0IiB4Mj0iNzMuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTk2ODMiIHkyPSI1Mi40OTk5OTk5OTk5OTY4MyI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+ PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+ PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImxpbmUtbWkxbXpmdnFxM3NxZ2xzN2wxLTUiIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iNzMuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTk2ODMiIHkxPSI1Mi40OTk5OTk5OTk5OTY4MyIgeDI9IjczLjUwMDAxNDEzNzMwNCIgeTI9IjIxIj48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ2cXEzc3FnbHM3bDEtNyIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI3My40OTk5ODU4NjI2ODk2NCIgeTE9IjgzLjk5OTk5OTk5OTk5MzY1IiB4Mj0iNzMuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTk2ODMiIHkyPSI1Mi40OTk5OTk5OTk5OTY4MyI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+ PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48L2RlZnM+ PG1hc2sgaWQ9InRleHQtbWFzay1taTFtemZ2cXEzc3FnbHM3bDEiPjxyZWN0IHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxMDAlIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCUiIGZpbGw9IndoaXRlIj48L3JlY3Q +PGNpcmNsZSBjeD0iMTA0Ljk5OTk5OTk5OTk5MzY2IiBjeT0iNTIuNTAwMDE0MTM3MzA0MDEiIHI9IjcuODc1IiBmaWxsPSJibGFjayI+PC9jaXJjbGU+. 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 + PC90ZXh0Pjx0ZXh0IHg9IjczLjQ5OTk4NTg2MjY4OTY0IiB5PSI4My45OTk5OTk5OTk5OTM2NSIgY2xhc3M9ImRlYnVnIiBmaWxsPSIjZmYwMDAwIiBzdHlsZT0iCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICBmb250OiA1cHggRHJvaWQgU2Fucywgc2Fucy1zZXJpZjsKICAgICAgICAgICAgIj48L3RleHQ +PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg== "/>

  • A. A. Structural formula of ethylene: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } = \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 }$
  • B. B. A space-filling model for methane:
  • C. C. Schematic structure of a sulfur atom:
  • D. D. Electronic formula for carbon tetrachloride:

Answer: C

Solution: A. The diagram shows the structural short form of ethylene, the structural formula is <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfx2ww1z8l82l5h" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW16Zngyd3cxejhsODJsNWgiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDExNSA0Mi4wMDAwMTQxMzczMDcxNzYiIHN0eWxlPSJ3aWR0aDogMTE1LjQ5OTk5OTk5OTk5NjgycHg7IGhlaWdodDogNDIuMDAwMDE0MTM3MzA3MTc2cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16Zngyd3cxejhsODJsNWgtMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI0Mi4wMDAwMDEyNzIzNTc2NSIgeTE9IjE4LjE2NTAwMDAwMDAwMDI4NyIgeDI9IjczLjUwMDAwMTI3MjM1NDQ3IiB5Mj0iMTguMTY1MDE0MTM3MzA3NDY2Ij48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ4Mnd3MXo4bDgybDVoLTMiIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iNDEuOTk5OTk4NzI3NjQyMzUiIHkxPSIyMy44MzQ5OTk5OTk5OTk3MTMiIHgyPSI3My40OTk5OTg3Mjc2MzkxOCIgeTI9IjIzLjgzNTAxNDEzNzMwNjg5MiI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48L2RlZnM+ PG1hc2sgaWQ9InRleHQtbWFzay1taTFtemZ4Mnd3MXo4bDgybDVoIj48cmVjdCB4PSIwIiB5PSIwIiB3aWR0aD0iMTAwJSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAlIiBmaWxsPSJ3aGl0ZSI +PC9yZWN0PjwvbWFzaz48c3R5bGU+ CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAuZWxlbWVudC1taTFtemZ4Mnd3MXo4bDgybDVoIHsKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICBmb250OiAxNHB4IEhlbHZldGljYSwgQXJpYWwsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgYWxpZ25tZW50LWJhc2VsaW5lOiAnbWlkZGxlJzsKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIH0KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC5zdWItbWkxbXpmeDJ3dzF6OGw4Mmw1aCB7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgZm9udDogOC40cHggSGVsdmV0aWNhLCBBcmlhbCwgc2Fucy1zZXJpZjsKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIH0KICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9zdHlsZT48ZyBtYXNrPSJ1cmwoI3RleHQtbWFzay1taTFtemZ4Mnd3MXo4bDgybDVoKSI + PGxpbmUgeDE9IjQyLjAwMDAwMTI3MjM1NzY1IiB5MT0iMTguMTY1MDAwMDAwMDAwMjg3IiB4Mj0iNzMuNTAwMDAxMjcyMzU0NDciIHkyPSIxOC4xNjUwMTQxMzczMDc0NjYiIHN0eWxlPSJzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtZGFzaGFycmF5Om5vbmU7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjEuMjYiIHN0cm9rZT0idXJsKCcjbGluZS1taTFtemZ4Mnd3MXo4bDgybDVoLTEnKSI + PC9saW5lPjxsaW5lIHgxPSI0MS45OTk5OTg3Mjc2NDIzNSIgeTE9IjIzLjgzNDk5OTk5OTk5OTcxMyIgeDI9IjczLjQ5OTk5ODcyNzYzOTE4IiB5Mj0iMjMuODM1MDE0MTM3MzA2ODkyIiBzdHlsZT0ic3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVjYXA6cm91bmQ7c3Ryb2tlLWRhc2hhcnJheTpub25lO3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDoxLjI2IiBzdHJva2U9InVybCgnI2xpbmUtbWkxbXpmeDJ3dzF6OGw4Mmw1aC0zJykiPjwvbGluZT48L2c +PGc+ PHRleHQgeD0iNzMuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTk2ODIiIHk9IjIxLjAwMDAxNDEzNzMwNzE4IiBjbGFzcz0iZGVidWciIGZpbGw9IiNmZjAwMDAiIHN0eWxlPSIKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIGZvbnQ6IDVweCBEcm9pZCBTYW5zLCBzYW5zLXNlcmlmOwogICAgICAgICAgICAiPjwvdGV4dD48dGV4dCB4PSI0MiIgeT0iMjEiIGNsYXNzPSJkZWJ1ZyIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmMDAwMCIgc3R5bGU9IgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgZm9udDogNXB4IERyb2lkIFNhbnMsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICI +PC90ZXh0PjwvZz48L3N2Zz4="/> , A Error ; B. The figure shows a model of a ball-and-stick of methane, with a space-filling configuration of ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-003.jpg) B error ; C. The diagram shows the structure of a sulfur atom, C is correct; D.There should be 8 electrons around each chlorine atom in the illustration, D error;

Question 4: 5. The following relevant chemical terms are correctly represented

5. The following relevant chemical terms are correctly represented

  • A. A. Schematic structure of $\mathrm { Cl } ^ { - }$: (+17) 288
  • B. B. Molar mass of ${ } ^ { 2 } \mathrm { H } _ { 2 }$: $2 \mathrm {~g} \cdot \mathrm {~mol} ^ { - 1 }$
  • C. C. Chemical formula of the active ingredient in bleach: NaClO
  • D. D. NaOH ionization equation: $\mathrm { NaOH } = \mathrm { Na } ^ { + } + \mathrm { O } ^ { 2 - } + \mathrm { H } ^ { + }$

Answer: A

Solution: A. $\mathrm { Cl } ^ { - }$ has a nuclear charge of 17 and a number of electrons outside the nucleus of 18, and its structure is schematically shown as (+17) $\begin{aligned} & 1 ) \\ & 288 \\ & 11 ) \end{aligned}$, A is correct; B. The molar mass of ${ } ^ { 2 } \mathrm { H } _ { 2 }$ is $4 \mathrm {~g} \cdot \mathrm {~mol} ^ { - 1 }$, B is wrong; C. The chemical formula of the active ingredient in bleach is $\mathrm { Ca } ( \mathrm { ClO } ) _ { 2 }$, C is wrong; D. The equation for the ionization of NaOH is $\mathrm { NaOH } = \mathrm { Na } ^ { + } + \mathrm { OH } ^ { - }$, which is wrong. Answer choice A.

Question 5: 6. The following representations are incorrect ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-004...

6. The following representations are incorrect ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-004.jpg)

  • A. A. Experimental formula for benzene: $\mathrm { C } _ { 6 } \mathrm { H } _ { 6 }$
  • B. B. Simple structural formula of acetaldehyde: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CHO }$
  • C. C. Electronic formula for amino group: $\underset { \bullet } { \stackrel { H } { N } } : \mathrm { H }$
  • D. D. Ethane's ball-and-stick model:

Answer: A

Solution: A. Benzene has the molecular formula: $\mathrm { C } _ { 6 } \mathrm { H } _ { 6 }$ and its experimental formula: $\mathrm { CH } , \mathrm { A }$ is incorrect; B. Acetaldehyde contains an aldehyde group and its structural formula is: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CHO }$ , B is correct; C. The number of electrons in the outermost layer of the nitrogen atom is 5, and the number of electrons in the hydrogen atom is 1, so the electronic formula of the amino group is: $\underset { . } { \stackrel { H } { \mathrm { H } } } : \mathrm { H }$, and C is correct; D. The structural short form of ethane is: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 }$ and its ball-and-stick model is: ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-005.jpg) D is correct;

Question 6: 7. Chemical terms can represent chemical processes. The following chemical terms are written correct...

7. Chemical terms can represent chemical processes. The following chemical terms are written correctly ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-006.jpg)

  • A. A. Electronic formula for $\mathrm { NH } _ { 3 }$: $\underset { \mathrm { H } : } { \stackrel { \mathrm { H } } { \mathrm { N } } } : \mathrm { H }$
  • B. B. Schematic structure of $\mathrm { S } ^ { 2 - }$ :
  • C. C. Si is in Group VI A of the Third Cycle.
  • D. D. $\mathrm { NaHSO } _ { 4 }$ Ionization equation in water: $\mathrm { NaHSO } _ { 4 } = \mathrm { Na } ^ { + } + \mathrm { HSO } _ { 4 } ^ { - }$

Answer: B

Solution: A. There are 8 electrons around the N atom, and the electronic formula of $\mathrm { NH } _ { 3 }$ should be: $\underset { \mathrm { H } : ( \underset { . } { \mathrm { N } } : \mathrm { H } } { \stackrel { \mathrm { H } } { \mathrm { H } } } , \mathrm { A }$ Wrong; B. S is element 16, and its structure is shown as (+16) 288, B is correct; $\mathrm { S } ^ { 2 - }$ C.Si is element number 14, located in group IV A of the third cycle, C is wrong; D. The ionization equation of $\mathrm { NaHSO } _ { 4 }$ in water should be $\mathrm { NaHSO } _ { 4 } = \mathrm { Na } ^ { + } + \mathrm { H } ^ { + } + \mathrm { SO } _ { 4 } ^ { 2 - }$ , D is wrong ;

Question 7: 8. The science of chemistry requires the use of chemical-specific language to describe it. The follo...

8. The science of chemistry requires the use of chemical-specific language to describe it. The following chemical terms are incorrectly expressed <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfvsp36nxcywo6p" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW16ZnZzcDM2bnhjeXdvNnAiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDE5MyAxMDUuMDAwMDM2NzI5Nzg3MTciIHN0eWxlPSJ3aWR0aDogMTkzLjExOTIwMDg3NjgxNDU3cHg7IGhlaWdodDogMTA1LjAwMDAzNjcyOTc4NzE3cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZnZzcDM2bnhjeXdvNnAtMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxMjMuODM5MzkwMDU0NjMwNTQiIHkxPSIzNi43NTAwNTUwOTQ2OTg2MSIgeDI9IjE1MS4xMTkyMDA4NzY4MTQ1NyIgeTI9IjIxLjAwMDA3MzQ1OTYwMjkzIj48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ2c3AzNm54Y3l3bzZwLTMiIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iMTE4LjE2OTM3MDk2OTI2NzE1IiB5MT0iNjUuMTAwMDUxMjc3NjE5MjMiIHgyPSIxMTguMTY5Mzg3OTM0MDM1NzUiIHkyPSIzOS45MDAwNTEyNzc2MjQ5NTQiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZnZzcDM2bnhjeXdvNnAtNSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxMjMuODM5MzY4ODQ4NjY5NzgiIHkxPSI2OC4yNTAwNTUwOTQ2OTE0NiIgeDI9IjEyMy44MzkzOTAwNTQ2MzA1NCIgeTI9IjM2Ljc1MDA1NTA5NDY5ODYxIj48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ2c3AzNm54Y3l3bzZwLTciIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iOTYuNTU5NjAwNDM4NDA3MjQiIHkxPSIyMS4wMDAwMzY3Mjk4MDE0MzciIHgyPSIxMjMuODM5MzkwMDU0NjMwNTQiIHkyPSIzNi43NTAwNTUwOTQ2OTg2MSI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+ PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+ PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImxpbmUtbWkxbXpmdnNwMzZueGN5d282cC05IiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9Ijk2LjU1OTU1ODAyNjQ4NTc3IiB5MT0iODQuMDAwMDM2NzI5Nzg3MTciIHgyPSIxMjMuODM5MzY4ODQ4NjY5NzgiIHkyPSI2OC4yNTAwNTUwOTQ2OTE0NiI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+ PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+ PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImxpbmUtbWkxbXpmdnNwMzZueGN5d282cC0xMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI3NC44NDI3NjczOTI3NTg4OSIgeTE9IjQwLjA4NTM4NjE0OTM4MDY5NiIgeDI9Ijk2LjY2NjYxNjA1MDUwNjA4IiB5Mj0iMjcuNDg1NDAwODQxMzA0MTI3Ij48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ2c3AzNm54Y3l3bzZwLTEzIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9IjY5LjI3OTc4OTYxNjIyMzI1IiB5MT0iMzYuNzUwMDE4MzY0ODk3MTYiIHgyPSI5Ni41NTk2MDA0Mzg0MDcyNCIgeTI9IjIxLjAwMDAzNjcyOTgwMTQzNyI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. 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  • A. A. Electronic formula for hydroxyl: ${ } _ { \mathrm { g } \mathrm { g } } ^ { \mathrm { g } \mathrm { g } } : \mathrm { H }$
  • B. B. Chemical formula for propanol: $\mathrm { C } _ { 3 } \mathrm { H } _ { 8 } \mathrm { O }$
  • C. C. Structural formula of ethyl formate: $\mathrm { HCOOCH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 }$
  • D. D. Methylphenol :

Answer: A

Solution: A. The electronic formula of hydroxyl group: ${ } _ { \mathrm { g } \mathrm { g } } ^ { \mathrm { g } \mathrm { g } } \mathrm { H }$, so A is wrong; B. The chemical formula (molecular formula) of propanol: $\mathrm { C } _ { 3 } \mathrm { H } _ { 8 } \mathrm { O }$, so B is correct; C. Structural formula of ethyl formate: $\mathrm { HCOOCH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 }$, so C is correct; D. m-Methylphenol, methyl and hydroxyl in the meso position. <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfx55aaunrwbbgv" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW16Zng1NWFhdW5yd2JiZ3YiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDE5MyAxMDUuMDAwMDM2NzI5Nzg3MTciIHN0eWxlPSJ3aWR0aDogMTkzLjExOTIwMDg3NjgxNDU3cHg7IGhlaWdodDogMTA1LjAwMDAzNjcyOTc4NzE3cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16Zng1NWFhdW5yd2JiZ3YtMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxMjMuODM5MzkwMDU0NjMwNTQiIHkxPSIzNi43NTAwNTUwOTQ2OTg2MSIgeDI9IjE1MS4xMTkyMDA4NzY4MTQ1NyIgeTI9IjIxLjAwMDA3MzQ1OTYwMjkzIj48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ4NTVhYXVucndiYmd2LTMiIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iMTE4LjE2OTM3MDk2OTI2NzE1IiB5MT0iNjUuMTAwMDUxMjc3NjE5MjMiIHgyPSIxMTguMTY5Mzg3OTM0MDM1NzUiIHkyPSIzOS45MDAwNTEyNzc2MjQ5NTQiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16Zng1NWFhdW5yd2JiZ3YtNSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxMjMuODM5MzY4ODQ4NjY5NzgiIHkxPSI2OC4yNTAwNTUwOTQ2OTE0NiIgeDI9IjEyMy44MzkzOTAwNTQ2MzA1NCIgeTI9IjM2Ljc1MDA1NTA5NDY5ODYxIj48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ4NTVhYXVucndiYmd2LTciIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iOTYuNTU5NjAwNDM4NDA3MjQiIHkxPSIyMS4wMDAwMzY3Mjk4MDE0MzciIHgyPSIxMjMuODM5MzkwMDU0NjMwNTQiIHkyPSIzNi43NTAwNTUwOTQ2OTg2MSI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+ PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+ PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImxpbmUtbWkxbXpmeDU1YWF1bnJ3YmJndi05IiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9Ijk2LjU1OTU1ODAyNjQ4NTc3IiB5MT0iODQuMDAwMDM2NzI5Nzg3MTciIHgyPSIxMjMuODM5MzY4ODQ4NjY5NzgiIHkyPSI2OC4yNTAwNTUwOTQ2OTE0NiI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+ PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+ PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImxpbmUtbWkxbXpmeDU1YWF1bnJ3YmJndi0xMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI3NC44NDI3NjczOTI3NTg4OSIgeTE9IjQwLjA4NTM4NjE0OTM4MDY5NiIgeDI9Ijk2LjY2NjYxNjA1MDUwNjA4IiB5Mj0iMjcuNDg1NDAwODQxMzA0MTI3Ij48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ4NTVhYXVucndiYmd2LTEzIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9IjY5LjI3OTc4OTYxNjIyMzI1IiB5MT0iMzYuNzUwMDE4MzY0ODk3MTYiIHgyPSI5Ni41NTk2MDA0Mzg0MDcyNCIgeTI9IjIxLjAwMDAzNjcyOTgwMTQzNyI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. 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In summary, the answer is A.

Question 8: 9. The science of chemistry needs to be described with the help of chemistry-specific language, and ...

9. The science of chemistry needs to be described with the help of chemistry-specific language, and the following terms are correct for chemistry <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfvuu94ks3qk2pd" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW16ZnZ1dTk0a3MzcWsycGQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDE3NCAxMDQuOTk5OTk5OTk5OTc0NiIgc3R5bGU9IndpZHRoOiAxNzQuMjc5ODE0MzU2NDgwNnB4OyBoZWlnaHQ6IDEwNC45OTk5OTk5OTk5NzQ2cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZnZ1dTk0a3MzcWsycGQtMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxMDQuOTk5OTk5OTk5OTc0NjIiIHkxPSI1Mi41MDAwMjgyNzQ2MDE2NiIgeDI9IjEyMC43NDk5NzU1MTM0MzM5NSIgeTI9Ijc5Ljc3OTg0MjYzMTEwNzY4Ij48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + 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  • A. A. Electronic formula for $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$: $\ddot { \mathrm { O } } : \ddot { \mathrm { C } } : \ddot { \mathrm { O } } :$
  • B. B. $\mathrm { CH } _ { 4 }$ Scale model of a molecule:
  • C. C. Electronic formula of $\mathrm { NH } _ { 4 } \mathrm { Cl }$: $\left[ \underset { \ddot { \mathrm { H } } } { \stackrel { \mathbf { H } } { = } } \mathbf { H } ^ { + } \mathbf { C l } ^ { - } \right.$
  • D. D. Oxygen atom with 10 neutrons in its nucleus: ${ } _ { 8 } ^ { 18 } \mathrm { O }$

Answer: D

Solution: A is incorrect, it should be: $\ddot { \mathrm { O } } : \mathbf { x } _ { \mathbf { x } } ^ { \mathbf { x } } \mathrm { C } \mathbf { x } : \ddot { \mathrm { O } } :$; B is incorrect, this should be a ball and stick model; C Incorrect, it should be $\left[ \begin{array} { c } \mathrm { H } : \underset { \ddot { \mathrm { H } } } { \ddot { \mathrm { N } } } : \mathrm { H } \end{array} \right] ^ { + } [ : \ddot { \mathrm { C } 1 } : ] ^ { - }$, so the answer is D. 考点:考查常见化学用语的正误判断 Comment: The question is a moderately difficult test, but also a common question type and important test points in the college entrance examination. The question is basic, moderately difficult, mainly to test students' familiarity with the degree of mastery of common chemical terms. The questions need to be clear that the common chemical terms mainly include element symbols, chemical formula, valency, electronic formula, atomic structure schematic, structural formula, structural formula, and equations and various models, etc., which need to be memorized by students.

Question 9: 10. The following chemical terms are correctly expressed

10. The following chemical terms are correctly expressed

  • A. A. Electronic formula of $\mathrm { CH } _ { 4 }$: $\mathrm { H } : \stackrel { \text { H } } { \underset { \rightarrow } { \ddot { C } } } : \mathrm { H }$
  • B. B. Molecular formula of propane: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CHCH } _ { 2 }$
  • C. C. Simple structural formula of acetaldehyde: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { COH }$
  • D. D. Simple structural formula of propylene: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CHCH } _ { 2 }$

Answer: A

Solution: The carbon atoms in $\mathrm { A } . \mathrm { CH } _ { 4 }$ form 4 $\mathrm { C } - \mathrm { H }$ bonds, and the electronic formula is $\mathrm { H } : \stackrel { \text { H } } { \stackrel { \mathrm { H } } { \mathrm { C } } } : \mathrm { H } , \mathrm { A }$ correct; H B. The structural formula of propane is $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 }$, and the molecular formula is $\mathrm { C } _ { 3 } \mathrm { H } _ { 8 }$, which is wrong; C. The structural formula of acetaldehyde is $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CHO }$, C is wrong; D. The structural formula of propylene is $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } = \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } , \mathrm { D }$, which is wrong;

Question 10: 11. The following chemical terms are expressed correctly ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/im...

11. The following chemical terms are expressed correctly ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-007.jpg)

  • A. A. $\mathrm { CH } _ { 4 }$ A spatial filling model of a molecule:
  • B. B. Structural diagram of a fluorine atom: +$+ 9 ) 28$
  • C. C. Nuclide symbol with 6 protons and 8 neutrons: ${ } _ { 6 } ^ { 12 } \mathrm { C } 8$
  • D. D. Functional group of ethylene: C = C

Answer: A

Solution: A. $\mathrm { CH } _ { 4 }$ is an orthotetrahedral shaped molecule, a space-filling model of a molecule: ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-008.jpg) B. Fluorine atoms are uncharged and have seven electrons in the outermost layer of the atom; C. The element with 6 protons is C. With 8 neutrons, the mass number is 14, so the symbol for a nuclide with 6 protons and 8 neutrons: ${ } ^ { 14 } \mathrm { C }$, C is incorrect; D. Functional group of ethylene: <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfx655vfte8ckvp" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW16Zng2NTV2ZnRlOGNrdnAiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDE2NiAxMjAuNzQ5OTgxNjM1MDgxNDEiIHN0eWxlPSJ3aWR0aDogMTY1LjgzOTM5MDA1NDYzMDU0cHg7IGhlaWdodDogMTIwLjc0OTk4MTYzNTA4MTQxcHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16Zng2NTV2ZnRlOGNrdnAtMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI5Ni41NTk2MDA0Mzg0MDcyNyIgeTE9IjUyLjQ5OTk5OTk5OTk5Mjg2NiIgeDI9IjEyMy44MzkzOTAwNTQ2MzA1NCIgeTI9IjY4LjI1MDAxODM2NDg5MDA0Ij48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ4NjU1dmZ0ZThja3ZwLTMiIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iOTYuNTU5NjAwNDM4NDA3MjciIHkxPSI1Mi40OTk5OTk5OTk5OTI4NjYiIHgyPSI5Ni41NTk2MjE2NDQzNjgwNCIgeTI9IjIxIj48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ4NjU1dmZ0ZThja3ZwLTUiIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iNzQuODQyNzY3MzkyNzU4ODciIHkxPSI3MS41ODUzNDk0MTk1NzIxMyIgeDI9Ijk2LjY2NjYxNjA1MDUwNjEiIHkyPSI1OC45ODUzNjQxMTE0OTU1NiI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+ PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+ PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImxpbmUtbWkxbXpmeDY1NXZmdGU4Y2t2cC03IiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9IjY5LjI3OTc4OTYxNjIyMzI1IiB5MT0iNjguMjQ5OTgxNjM1MDg4NTYiIHgyPSI5Ni41NTk2MDA0Mzg0MDcyNyIgeTI9IjUyLjQ5OTk5OTk5OTk5Mjg2NiI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+ PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImxpbmUtbWkxbXpmeDY1NXZmdGU4Y2t2cC05IiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9IjQyIiB5MT0iNTIuNDk5OTYzMjcwMTkxMzkiIHgyPSI2OS4yNzk3ODk2MTYyMjMyNSIgeTI9IjY4LjI0OTk4MTYzNTA4ODU2Ij48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ4NjU1dmZ0ZThja3ZwLTExIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9IjY5LjI3OTc2ODQxMDI2MjQ4IiB5MT0iOTkuNzQ5OTgxNjM1MDgxNDEiIHgyPSI2OS4yNzk3ODk2MTYyMjMyNSIgeTI9IjY4LjI0OTk4MTYzNTA4ODU2Ij48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjwvZGVmcz48bWFzayBpZD0idGV4dC1tYXNrLW1pMW16Zng2NTV2ZnRlOGNrdnAiPjxyZWN0IHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxMDAlIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCUiIGZpbGw9IndoaXRlIj48L3JlY3Q + 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 + PGxpbmUgeDE9Ijk2LjU1OTYwMDQzODQwNzI3IiB5MT0iNTIuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTkyODY2IiB4Mj0iOTYuNTU5NjIxNjQ0MzY4MDQiIHkyPSIyMSIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwOnJvdW5kO3N0cm9rZS1kYXNoYXJyYXk6bm9uZTtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6MS4yNiIgc3Ryb2tlPSJ1cmwoJyNsaW5lLW1pMW16Zng2NTV2ZnRlOGNrdnAtMycpIj48L2xpbmU + PGxpbmUgeDE9Ijc0Ljg0Mjc2NzM5Mjc1ODg3IiB5MT0iNzEuNTg1MzQ5NDE5NTcyMTMiIHgyPSI5Ni42NjY2MTYwNTA1MDYxIiB5Mj0iNTguOTg1MzY0MTExNDk1NTYiIHN0eWxlPSJzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtZGFzaGFycmF5Om5vbmU7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjEuMjYiIHN0cm9rZT0idXJsKCcjbGluZS1taTFtemZ4NjU1dmZ0ZThja3ZwLTUnKSI + PC9saW5lPjxsaW5lIHgxPSI2OS4yNzk3ODk2MTYyMjMyNSIgeTE9IjY4LjI0OTk4MTYzNTA4ODU2IiB4Mj0iOTYuNTU5NjAwNDM4NDA3MjciIHkyPSI1Mi40OTk5OTk5OTk5OTI4NjYiIHN0eWxlPSJzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtZGFzaGFycmF5Om5vbmU7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjEuMjYiIHN0cm9rZT0idXJsKCcjbGluZS1taTFtemZ4NjU1dmZ0ZThja3ZwLTcnKSI + PC9saW5lPjxsaW5lIHgxPSI0MiIgeTE9IjUyLjQ5OTk2MzI3MDE5MTM5IiB4Mj0iNjkuMjc5Nzg5NjE2MjIzMjUiIHkyPSI2OC4yNDk5ODE2MzUwODg1NiIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwOnJvdW5kO3N0cm9rZS1kYXNoYXJyYXk6bm9uZTtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6MS4yNiIgc3Ryb2tlPSJ1cmwoJyNsaW5lLW1pMW16Zng2NTV2ZnRlOGNrdnAtOScpIj48L2xpbmU + PGxpbmUgeDE9IjY5LjI3OTc2ODQxMDI2MjQ4IiB5MT0iOTkuNzQ5OTgxNjM1MDgxNDEiIHgyPSI2OS4yNzk3ODk2MTYyMjMyNSIgeTI9IjY4LjI0OTk4MTYzNTA4ODU2IiBzdHlsZT0ic3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVjYXA6cm91bmQ7c3Ryb2tlLWRhc2hhcnJheTpub25lO3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDoxLjI2IiBzdHJva2U9InVybCgnI2xpbmUtbWkxbXpmeDY1NXZmdGU4Y2t2cC0xMScpIj48L2xpbmU + PC9nPjxnPjx0ZXh0IHg9IjEyMy44MzkzOTAwNTQ2MzA1NCIgeT0iNjguMjUwMDE4MzY0ODkwMDQiIGNsYXNzPSJkZWJ1ZyIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmMDAwMCIgc3R5bGU9IgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgZm9udDogNXB4IERyb2lkIFNhbnMsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICI + PC90ZXh0Pjx0ZXh0IHg9Ijk2LjU1OTYwMDQzODQwNzI3IiB5PSI1Mi40OTk5OTk5OTk5OTI4NjYiIGNsYXNzPSJkZWJ1ZyIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmMDAwMCIgc3R5bGU9IgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgZAgZm9udDogNXB4IERyb2lkIFNhbnMsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICI + PC90ZXh0Pjx0ZXh0IHg9Ijk2LjU1OTYyMTY0NDM2ODA0IiB5PSIyMSIgY2xhc3M9ImRlYnVnIiBmaWxsPSIjZmYwMDAwIiBzdHlsZT0iCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICBmb250OiA1cHggRHJvaWQgU2Fucywgc2Fucy1zZXJpZjsKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIj48L3RleHQ + PHRleHQgeD0iNjkuMjc5Nzg5NjE2MjIzMjUiIHk9IjY4LjI0OTk4MTYzNTA4ODU2IiBjbGFzcz0iZGVidWciIGZpbGw9IiNmZjAwMDAiIHN0eWxlPSIKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIGZvbnQ6IDVweCBEcm9pZCBTYW5zLCBzYW5zLXNlcmlmOwogICAgICAgICAgICAiPjwvdGV4dD48dGV4dCB4PSI0MiIgeT0iNTIuNDk5OTYzMjcwMTkxMzkiIGNsYXNzPSJkZWJ1ZyIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmMDAwMCIgc3R5bGU9IgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgZm9udDogNXB4IERyb2lkIFNhbnMsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICI + PC90ZXh0Pjx0ZXh0IHg9IjY5LjI3OTc2ODQxMDI2MjQ4IiB5PSI5OS43NDk5ODE2MzUwODE0MSIgY2xhc3M9ImRlYnVnIiBmaWxsPSIjZmYwMDAwIiBzdHlsZT0iCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICBmb250OiA1cHggRHJvaWQgU2Fucywgc2Fucy1zZXJpZjsKICAgICAgICAgICAgICIj48L3RleHQ +PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg=="/> D is incorrect;

Question 11: 12. The following representations or statements are correct ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclatur...

12. The following representations or statements are correct ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-009.jpg)

  • A. A. Schematic diagram of the structure of the sulfur atom :
  • B. B. $\mathrm { CS } _ { 2 }$ for the bat model:
  • C. C. Shortest formula for methyl formate: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$
  • D. D. Molecular formula of calcium chloride: $\mathrm { CaCl } _ { 2 }$

Answer: C

Solution: A. According to the atomic number of sulfur atom is 16, the number of protons in the nucleus is 16, and the number of electrons outside the nucleus is also 16, so A is incorrect; B. According to the judgment of the type of hybridization, carbon disulfide carbon sp hybridization, space configuration is linear, so B is not correct; C. The structural formula of methyl formate is $\mathrm { HCOOCH } _ { 3 }$, and the simplest formula is $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$, so C is correct; D. Calcium chloride is an ionic compound, not a molecule, so D is incorrect;

Question 12: 13. The following chemical terms or statements are incorrectly expressed

13. The following chemical terms or statements are incorrectly expressed

  • A. A. Short form of methyl: $- \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 }$
  • B. B. The simplest formula for the benzene molecule: CH
  • C. C. The carbon chain of n-pentane is linear
  • D. D. The chemical formula $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { Br } _ { 2 }$ can represent only one substance.

Answer: C

Solution: A. Methyl has the structural formula: $- \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 }$ , A is correct; B. The chemical formula of the benzene molecule is: $\mathrm { C } _ { 6 } \mathrm { H } _ { 6 }$, and the simplest formula of the benzene molecule is: CH, B is correct; C. The five C atoms in the n-pentane molecule are coplanar - arranged in a sawtooth pattern - but not in a common line, C is wrong; D. The chemical formula $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { Br } _ { 2 }$ can only represent one kind of substance, and there are no isomers, D is correct;

Question 13: 14. The following chemical terms are correct <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfvwvjmfvkggpre" src="da...

14. The following chemical terms are correct <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfvwvjmfvkggpre" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW16ZnZ3dmptZnZrZ2dwcmUiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDExNSA2OS4yNzk4MTA4MjIxODQiIHN0eWxlPSJ3aWR0aDogMTE1LjQ5OTk5OTk5OTk5Mjg3cHg7IGhlaWdodDogNjkuMjc5ODEwODIyMTg0cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZnZ3dmptZnZrZ2dwcmUtMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI1Ny43NDk5ODE2MzUwOTU3MSIgeTE9IjQ4LjI3OTgxMDgyMjE4NDAxIiB4Mj0iNzMuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTkyODciIHkyPSIyMS4wMDAwMjEyMDU5NjA3NTMiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZnZ3dmptZnZrZ2dwcmUtMyIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI0MiIgeTE9IjIxIiB4Mj0iNzMuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTkyODciIHkyPSIyMS4wMDAwMjEyMDU5NjA3NTMiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZnZ3dmptZnZrZ2dwcmUtNSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI0NS4yNzM1NzcyOTg2NjIwNzYiIHkxPSIxOS4xMTAwMDIyMDM3ODg1MTUiIHgyPSI2MS4wMjM1NTg5MzM3NTc4IiB5Mj0iNDYuMzg5ODEzMDI1OTcyNTMiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZnZ3dmptZnZrZ2dwcmUtNyIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIzOC43MjY0MjI3MDEzMzc5MjQiIHkxPSIyMi44ODk5OTc3OTYyMTE0ODIiIHgyPSI1NC40NzY0MDQzMzY0MzM2MyIgeTI9IjUwLjE2OTgwODYxODM5NTQ5Ij48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ2d3ZqbWZ2a2dncHJlLTkiIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iNDIiIHkxPSIyMSIgeDI9IjU3Ljc0OTk4MTYzNTA5NTcxIiB5Mj0iNDguMjc5ODEwODIyMTg0MDEiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+PC9kZWZzPjxtYXNrIGlkPSJ0ZXh0LW1hc2stbWkxbXpmdnd2am1mdmtnZ3ByZSI+ PHJlY3QgeD0iMCIgeT0iMCIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgZmlsbD0id2hpdGUiPjwvcmVjdD48L21hc2s+ PHN0eWxlPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgLmVsZW1lbnQtbWkxbXpmdnd2am1mdmtnZ3ByZSB7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgZm9udDogMTRweCBIZWx2ZXRpY2EsIEFyaWFsLCBzYW5zLXNlcmlmOwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIGFsaWdubWVudC1iYXNlbGluZTogJ21pZGRsZSc7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB9CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAuc3ViLW1pMW16ZnZ3dmptZnZrZ2dwcmUgewogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIGZvbnQ6IDguNHB4IEhlbHZldGljYSwgQXJpYWwsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB9CiAgICAgICAgICAgIDwvc3R5bGU + PGcgbWFzaz0idXJsKCN0ZXh0LW1hc2stbWkxbXpmdnd2am1mdmtnZ3ByZSkiPjxsaW5lIHgxPSI1Ny43NDk5ODE2MzUwOTU3MSIgeTE9IjQ4LjI3OTgxMDgyMjE4NDAxIiB4Mj0iNzMuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTkyODciIHkyPSIyMS4wMDAwMjEyMDU5NjA3NTMiIHN0eWxlPSJzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtZGFzaGFycmF5Om5vbmU7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjEuMjYiIHN0cm9rZT0idXJsKCcjbGluZS1taTFtemZ2d3ZqbWZ2a2dncHJlLTEnKSI + PC9saW5lPjxsaW5lIHgxPSI0MiIgeTE9IjIxIiB4Mj0iNzMuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTkyODciIHkyPSIyMS4wMDAwMjEyMDU5NjA3NTMiIHN0eWxlPSJzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtZGFzaGFycmF5Om5vbmU7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjEuMjYiIHN0cm9rZT0idXJsKCcjbGluZS1taTFtemZ2d3ZqbWZ2a2dncHJlLTMnKSI + PC9saW5lPjxsaW5lIHgxPSI0NS4yNzM1NzcyOTg2NjIwNzYiIHkxPSIxOS4xMTAwMDIyMDM3ODg1MTUiIHgyPSI2MS4wMjM1NTg5MzM3NTc4IiB5Mj0iNDYuMzg5ODEzMDI1OTcyNTMiIHN0eWxlPSJzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtZGFzaGFycmF5Om5vbmU7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjEuMjYiIHN0cm9rZT0idXJsKCcjbGluZS1taTFtemZ2d3ZqbWZ2a2dncHJlLTUnKSI + 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 + PC9saW5lPjwvZz48Zz48dGV4dCB4PSI3My40OTk5OTk5OTk5OTI4NyIgeT0iMjEuMDAwMDIxMjA1OTYwNzUzIiBjbGFzcz0iZGVidWciIGZpbGw9IiNmZjAwMDAiIHN0eWxlPSIKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIGZvbnQ6IDVweCBEcm9pZCBTYW5zLCBzYW5zLXNlcmlmOwogICAgICAgICAgICAiPjwvdGV4dD48dGV4dCB4PSI1Ny43NDk5ODE2MzUwOTU3MSIgeT0iNDguMjc5ODEwODIyMTg0MDEiIGNsYXNzPSJkZWJ1ZyIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmMDAwMCIgc3R5bGU9IgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgZm9udDogNXB4IERyb2lkIFNhbnMsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICI + PC90ZXh0Pjx0ZXh0IHg9IjQyIiB5PSIyMSIgY2xhc3M9ImRlYnVnIiBmaWxsPSIjZmYwMDAwIiBzdHlsZT0iCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICBmb250OiA1cHggRHJvaWQgU2Fucywgc2Fucy1zZXJpZjsKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIj48L3RleHQ +PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg== "/>

  • A. A. Electronic formula for ethylene:
  • B. B. Structural formula of methane: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 4 }$
  • C. C. Scale modeling of the acetic acid molecule:
  • D. D. Ball-and-stick modeling of the ethane molecule:

Answer: C

Solution:

Question 14: 15. $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ Hydrogenation to fuel is an important strategy to realize $\mathrm { CO...

15. $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ Hydrogenation to fuel is an important strategy to realize $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ emission reduction, our scientists have made new progress in regulating the selectivity of $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ hydrogenation reaction, and the process is schematically shown below. The following analysis is correct () ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-010.jpg)

  • A. A. This process breaks the polar bonds in the $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 }$ molecule
  • B. B. $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ has the electronic formula $\because \mathrm { C } : \mathrm { O } :$
  • C. C. In this reaction $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ acts as reducing agent
  • D. D. The chemical equation for this reaction is $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } + 4 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \xlongequal { \text { catalyst } } \mathrm { CH } _ { 4 } + 2 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { C }$

Answer: D

Solution: A. The process involves a chemical reaction $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } + 4 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \xlongequal { \text { catalyst } } \mathrm { CH } _ { 4 } + 2 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$, which breaks old bonds and forms new ones, but the $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 }$ molecule is a nonpolar bond that is broken, so A is wrong; B. The electronic formula of $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ is $\ddot { \mathbf { g } } = \mathbf { c } = \mathbf { = } \ddot { \mathbf { o } }$; C. In the reaction $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$, the valence of carbon changes from +4 to -4, which reduces the valence and acts as an oxidizing agent, C is wrong; D. According to the above analysis, the chemical equation of the reaction is $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } + 4 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \xlongequal { \text { catalyst } } \mathrm { CH } _ { 4 } + 2 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$, D is correct;

Question 15: 17. The following chemical terms or diagrams are incorrectly expressed () ![](/images/questions/che...

17. The following chemical terms or diagrams are incorrectly expressed () ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-011.jpg)

  • A. A. $\mathrm { SO } _ { 3 } ^ { 2 - }$ model of valence layer electron pair mutual repulsion (VSEPR):
  • B. B. Electronic formula for $\mathrm { NF } _ { 3 }$:: $\underset { . \ddot { \mathrm { F } } : \ddot { \mathrm { F } } : \ddot { \mathrm { F } } : } { \ddot { \mathrm { F } } : }$
  • C. C. Formation of $\sigma$ bonds in the HCl molecule $: \stackrel { \mathrm { H } } { \bullet } \rightarrow + \overbrace { } ^ { \mathrm { Cl } } \rightarrow \overbrace { } ^ { \mathrm { H } } \rightarrow \overbrace { } ^ { \mathrm { Cl } }$
  • D. D. The valence electron arrangement of the ground state germanium (Ge) atom is: $4 s ^ { 2 } 4 p ^ { 2 }$

Answer: B

Solution: A. The central atom S atom of $\mathrm { SO } _ { 3 } ^ { 2 - }$ has a valence electron pair number of $3 + \frac { 1 } { 2 } ( 6 + 2 - 2 \times 3 ) = 4$, and the VSEPR model is tetrahedral, so A is correct; B. The number of outermost electrons of $N$ in ${ } ^ { N F _ { 3 } }$ is 5, and there is a lone pair of electrons after the formation of 3 pairs of electrons, and the electronic formula of ${ } ^ { N F _ { 3 } }$ is $: \ddot { \mathrm { F } } : \ddot { \mathrm { N } } : \ddot { \mathrm { F } } :$. The electronic formula of $: \ddot { \mathrm { F } } : \ddot { \mathrm { N } } : \ddot { \mathrm { F } } :$, B is incorrect; C. The $\mathrm { s } - \mathrm { p }$ of $\sigma$ within the HCl molecule forms the $\mathrm { s } - \mathrm { p }$ bond, which is shown correctly in the diagram, and C is correct; D. Germanium (Ge) is in group IVA of the fourth cycle, and its valence electron arrangement is $4 \mathrm {~s} ^ { 2 } 4 \mathrm { p } ^ { 2 }$, D is correct;

Question 16: 19. The following expressions or statements are correct ()

19. The following expressions or statements are correct ()

  • A. A. Scale models can represent both methane and carbon tetrachloride molecules
  • B. B. - OH and $\cdot \mathrm { O } _ { \bullet \bullet } \mathbf { H } \quad$ both represent hydroxyl groups.
  • C. C. The structural short form of acetaldehyde is: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { COH }$
  • D. D. Shortest formula for benzene: $( \mathrm { CH } ) _ { 6 }$

Answer: B

Solution: A. The atomic radius of Cl is larger than that of C. The scale model of CTC molecule is incorrect, and the scale model should be consistent with the size of the atom, so A is wrong; B. - OH is the structural formula of hydroxyl, $\quad \ddot { \mathrm { O } } : \mathrm { H }$ is the electronic formula of hydroxyl, so B is correct; C. The molecule of acetaldehyde contains an aldehyde group (- CHO), and the structural formula is: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CHO }$, so C is wrong; D, the simplest formula is also known as the experimental formula, it is expressed in the molecule of the number of atoms of each element of the simplest integer ratio of the formula, the simplest formula of benzene for CH, so D error.

Question 17: 20. The following chemical terms are incorrect () ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-012...

20. The following chemical terms are incorrect () ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-012.jpg)

  • A. A. Scale modeling of benzene:
  • B. B. Propane bat model:
  • C. C. Nuclide of ${ } ^ { \mathrm { Cl } }$ with a neutron number of 20: ${ } ^ { 20 } \mathrm { Cl }$
  • D. D. Structural formula of hypochlorous acid: $\mathrm { H } - \mathrm { O } - \mathrm { Cl }$

Answer: C

Solution: A. Benzene is a planar structure, there are 6 H and 6 C in the benzene molecule, and all the carbon-carbon bonds are identical, the ratio of benzene The example model for benzene is [IMAGE_5]] Therefore, A is correct; B. The model represented by the ball and stick is the ball and stick model, the structural formula of propane is $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 }$, the atomic radius of carbon atom is larger than that of hydrogen atom, the ball and stick model is <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfx7pg3ufw2jndp" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, 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 + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ4N3BnM3VmdzJqbmRwLTMiIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iMTM1LjM2OTIxOTI0MTcxODg0IiB5MT0iMjEuMDAwMDM2NzI5ODAxNDgiIHgyPSIxNTEuMTE5MjAwODc2ODE0NTUiIHkyPSI0OC4yNzk4NDc1NTE5ODU1Ij48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ4N3BnM3VmdzJqbmRwLTUiIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iMTUxLjExOTIwMDg3NjgxNDU1IiB5MT0iNDguMjc5ODQ3NTUxOTg1NSIgeDI9IjE2Ni44NjkyMTkyNDE3MTE3IiB5Mj0iMjEuMDAwMDU3OTM1NzYyMjQzIj48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + 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PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ4N3BnM3VmdzJqbmRwLTExIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9IjgwLjgwOTYxODgwMzMxMTU3IiB5MT0iMjEiIHgyPSI5Ni41NTk2MDA0Mzg0MDcyNyIgeTI9IjQ4LjI3OTgxMDgyMjE4NDAyIj48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ4N3BnM3VmdzJqbmRwLTEzIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9Ijk2LjU1OTYwMDQzODQwNzI3IiB5MT0iNDguMjc5ODEwODIyMTg0MDIiIHgyPSIxMTIuMzA5NjE4ODAzMzA0NDMiIHkyPSIyMS4wMDAwMjEyMDU5NjA3NjMiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ 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The mass number of ${ } ^ { \mathrm { Cl } }$ with a neutron number of 20 $= 20 + 17 = 37$, the nuclide can be expressed as ${ } ^ { 37 } \mathrm { Cl }$, so C is wrong; D. Hypochlorous acid belongs to covalent compounds, the center atom is O atom, and the structural formula is $\mathrm { H } - \mathrm { O } - \mathrm { Cl }$, so D is correct; therefore, C is correct.

Question 18: 21. The following chemical terms are used correctly (). $H : O ̈ : : O ̈ : H$

21. The following chemical terms are used correctly (). $H : O ̈ : : O ̈ : H$

  • A. A. Structural formula for $\mathrm { SiO } _ { 2 }$: $\mathrm { O } - \mathrm { Si } = \mathrm { O }$
  • B. B. Electronic formula of $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } _ { 2 }$:
  • C. C. Ionization equation for $\mathrm { BaSO } _ { 4 }$: $\mathrm { BaSO } _ { 4 } = { } ^ { \mathrm { SO } _ { 4 } ^ { 2 - } } + \mathrm { Ba } ^ { 2 + }$
  • D. D. ${ } ^ { 12 } \mathrm { C }$ and ${ } ^ { 14 } \mathrm { C }$ are synonyms of each other.

Answer: C

Solution: A. $\mathrm { SiO } _ { 2 }$ is a covalent crystal, in which each Si atom forms 4 $\mathrm { Si } - \mathrm { O }$ bonds with 4 O atoms, the $\mathrm { Si } -$ O bonds form an orthotetrahedral structure, and each O atom forms $\mathrm { Si } - \mathrm { O }$ single bonds with 2 Si atoms. FORMULA_3]] bonds, A is wrong; B. In the molecule of $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } _ { 2 }$, 2 O-atoms form $\mathrm { O } - \mathrm { O }$ bonds, and each O-atom forms a $\mathrm { H } - \mathrm { O }$ bond with an H-atom. Each O atom then forms a $\mathrm { H } - \mathrm { O }$ bond with an H atom, resulting in a stabilized structure with two or eight electrons in the outermost layer of the molecule, which has the electronic formula $\mathrm { H } \% { } ^ { \circ } { } _ { \circ } ^ { \circ } \times { } _ { \times } ^ { \times \times } \times \mathrm { H }$. The electronic formula is $\mathrm { H } \% { } ^ { \circ } { } _ { \circ } ^ { \circ } \times { } _ { \times } ^ { \times \times } \times \mathrm { H }$; C. $\mathrm { BaSO } _ { 4 }$ is difficult to dissolve in water, but the part dissolved in water is completely ionized to produce free-moving $\mathrm { Ba } ^ { 2 + } , \mathrm { SO } _ { 4 } ^ { 2 - }$, so its ionization equation is $\mathrm { BaSO } _ { 4 } = \mathrm { SO } _ { 4 } ^ { 2 - } + \mathrm { Ba } ^ { 2 + }$, C is correct; D. The number of protons in ${ } ^ { 12 } \mathrm { C }$ and ${ } ^ { 14 } \mathrm { C }$ is 6, and the number of neutrons in $6 , 8$ is $6 , 8$, which shows that they have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Therefore, they are isotopes of each other; Therefore, the answer is C.

Question 19: 22. The main reaction in the pyrolytic reforming of $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm {~S} , \mathrm { ...

22. The main reaction in the pyrolytic reforming of $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm {~S} , \mathrm { CH } _ { 4 }$ to $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 }$ is $2 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm {~S} = 2 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } + \mathrm { S } _ { 2 } , 2 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm {~S} + \mathrm { CH } _ { 4 } = \mathrm { CS } _ { 2 } + 4 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 }$. The following statements are correct ( ) ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-014.jpg)

  • A. A. $\mathrm { CH } _ { 4 }$ The molecular model of the bat :
  • B. B. $\mathrm { S } _ { 2 }$ is a congener of $\mathrm { S } _ { 8 }$.
  • C. C. $\mathrm { CS } _ { 2 }$ molecule is angularly shaped
  • D. D. Sulfur atoms with neutron number 16: ${ } ^ { 32 } \mathrm {~S}$

Answer: D

Solution: The bat model for the $\mathrm { A } . \mathrm { CH } _ { 4 }$ molecule is $\bigcirc$, the B. $\mathrm { S } _ { 2 }$ and $\mathrm { S } _ { 8 }$ are two different monomers of sulfur and are isomers of each other; C. The structure of $\mathrm { CS } _ { 2 }$ is similar to that of $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$, which is a linear molecule; D.S The number of protons is 16, and if the number of neutrons is 16, the mass number is 32, D is correct; Therefore, the answer is D.

Question 20: 23. The following statements about ethanol are correct () ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/i...

23. The following statements about ethanol are correct () ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-015.jpg)

  • A. A. The ball-and-stick model of the molecule is :
  • B. B. Colorless and odorless liquid at room temperature
  • C. C. Isomerized with acetic acid
  • D. D. Turns purple litmus red.

Answer: A

Solution: A. The structural short form of ethanol is ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-016.jpg) , A is correct ; B. Ethanol is a colorless liquid with a special smell at room temperature, B is wrong; C. The molecular formula of ethanol is $\mathrm { C } _ { 2 } \mathrm { H } _ { 5 } \mathrm { OH }$, and the molecular formula of acetic acid is $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { COOH }$, the two molecular formulas are different and are not isomers of each other, C is wrong; D. Ethanol is neutral and cannot make purple litmus solution red, D error;

Question 21: 25. The following chemical terms are correct. ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-017.jpg...

25. 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  • A. A. Schematic structure of the chloride ion:
  • B. B. Electronic formula of the aldehyde group (- CHO ):
  • C. C. $\mathrm { CH } _ { 4 }$ for the bat model:
  • D. D. Structural formula of the ethylene molecule: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } = \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 }$

Answer: B

Solution: A. Chlorine is element 17, and the structure of the chloride ion is shown schematically: ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-019.jpg) B. A carbon-oxygen double bond is formed between carbon and oxygen atoms in the aldehyde group, so the electronic formula is: ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-020.jpg) C. ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-021.jpg) is the scale model of methane and the ball and stick model of methane is <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfxapvxj28fwncb" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, 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 + 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The structural formula of ethylene, which should show all the shared electron pairs with a short line, is <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfxb1cgeu0cockni" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, 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 +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZnhiMWNnZXUwY29ja25pLTMiIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iNDEuOTk5OTk4NzI3NjQyMzUiIHkxPSIyMy44MzQ5OTk5OTk5OTk3MTMiIHgyPSI3My40OTk5OTg3Mjc2MzkxOCIgeTI9IjIzLjgzNTAxNDEzNzMwNjg5MiI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48L2RlZnM+ PG1hc2sgaWQ9InRleHQtbWFzay1taTFtemZ4YjFjZ2V1MGNvY2tuaSI+ PHJlY3QgeD0iMCIgeT0iMCIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgZmlsbD0id2hpdGUiPjwvcmVjdD48L21hc2s+ 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 + PGxpbmUgeDE9IjQxLjk5OTk5ODcyNzY0MjM1IiB5MT0iMjMuODM0OTk5OTk5OTk5NzEzIiB4Mj0iNzMuNDk5OTk4NzI3NjM5MTgiIHkyPSIyMy44MzUwMTQxMzczMDY4OTIiIHN0eWxlPSJzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtZGFzaGFycmF5Om5vbmU7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjEuMjYiIHN0cm9rZT0idXJsKCcjbGluZS1taTFtemZ4YjFjZ2V1MGNvY2tuaS0zJykiPjwvbGluZT48L2c +PGc+ PHRleHQgeD0iNzMuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTk2ODIiIHk9IjIxLjAwMDAxNDEzNzMwNzE4IiBjbGFzcz0iZGVidWciIGZpbGw9IiNmZjAwMDAiIHN0eWxlPSIKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIGZvbnQ6IDVweCBEcm9pZCBTYW5zLCBzYW5zLXNlcmlmOwogICAgICAgICAgICAiPjwvdGV4dD48dGV4dCB4PSI0MiIgeT0iMjEiIGNsYXNzPSJkZWJ1ZyIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmMDAwMCIgc3R5bGU9IgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgZm9udDogNXB4IERyb2lkIFNhbnMsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICI +PC90ZXh0PjwvZz48L3N2Zz4="/> Answer choice B.

Question 22: 26. The following chemical terms are correctly expressed

26. The following chemical terms are correctly expressed

  • A. A. Chemical formula for cholagogue: $\mathrm { CuSO } _ { 4 }$
  • B. B. The molar volume of the gas is $22.4 \mathrm {~L} / \mathrm { mol }$
  • C. C. Ti: neutron number 26
  • D. D. Schematic structure of the sodium ion :

Answer: C

Solution: A. Cholecalciferol is a copper sulfate crystal with the chemical formula $\mathrm { CuSO } _ { 4 } \cdot 5 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$, so A is wrong; B. The molar volume of the gas in standard condition is about $22.4 \mathrm {~L} / \mathrm { mol }$, the condition is unknown, not necessarily $22.4 \mathrm {~L} / \mathrm { mol }$, so B is wrong; C. The number of protons + neutrons $=$ mass number, then the number of neutrons is $48 - 22 = 26$, so C is correct; D. The proton number of sodium ion is 11, the number of electrons outside the nucleus is 10, and its ion structure is (+11) 28 /, so D is wrong;

Question 23: 27. The following chemical terms are correctly expressed as follows ![](/images/questions/chem-no...

27. The following chemical terms are correctly expressed as follows ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-022.jpg)

  • A. A. Simple structural formula of ethylene: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 }$
  • B. B. Electronic formula for carbon tetrachloride: $\mathrm { Cl } : \underset { \underset { \mathrm { Cl } } { \mathrm { Cl } } } { \stackrel { \mathrm { Cl } } { \mathrm { Cl } } } \mathrm { Cl }$
  • C. C. Scale model of $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ :
  • D. D. Structural formula of HClO: $\mathrm { H } - \mathrm { O } - \mathrm { Cl }$

Answer: D

Solution: A. The functional group in ethylene is a carbon-carbon double bond, and the structural short form of ethylene is $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } = \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } , \mathrm {~A}$ Wrong; B. The electronic formula of $\mathrm { CCl } _ { 4 }$ is $\mathrm { CCl } _ { 4 }$ because of the omission of the lone electron pair on the Cl atom. C. The atomic radius of carbon is larger than that of oxygen; D. The structural formula of HClO is $\mathrm { H } - \mathrm { O } - \mathrm { Cl }$, and D is correct; Answer choice D.

Question 24: 28. Nitrogen and its compounds are transformed as shown in the figure. The following analysis is rea...

28. Nitrogen and its compounds are transformed as shown in the figure. The following analysis is reasonable ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-023.jpg)

  • A. A. Under the action of catalyst a, ${ } ^ { \mathrm { N } _ { 2 } }$ and ${ } ^ { \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } }$ can be 100% converted to $\mathrm { NH } _ { 3 }$.
  • B. B. Catalyst a accelerates the chemical reaction rate by lowering the bond energy of ${ } ^ { \mathrm { N } _ { 2 } }$
  • C. C. There is a change in elemental valence when $\mathrm { N } - \mathrm { O }$ bonds are formed on the surface of catalyst b
  • D. D. Both steps are nitrogen fixation

Answer: C

Solution: A. The reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen is a reversible reaction, and the reactants cannot be completely converted to products, so ${ } ^ { \mathrm { N } _ { 2 } }$ and ${ } ^ { \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } }$ cannot be converted from $100 \%$ to ${ } ^ { \mathrm { NH } _ { 3 } }$ with catalyst a, A is wrong; B. Catalyst a speeds up the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy of the reaction, but it does not lower the bond energy of the substance, i.e., it does not lower the bond energy of ${ } ^ { \mathrm { N } _ { 2 } }$, which is wrong; C. When a nitrogen-oxygen bond is formed on the surface of catalyst b, the valence of the element N changes from - 3 to + 2, and there is a change in the valence of the element, C is correct; D. Nitrogen fixation refers to the process of converting free nitrogen into nitrogen compounds, so the first step of the reaction belongs to nitrogen fixation, and the second step of the reaction does not belong to nitrogen fixation, and D is wrong;

Question 25: 29. The following chemical terms are used correctly. ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image...

29. The following chemical terms are used correctly. ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-024.jpg) Based on the information from the following experiment, complete the following sub-question: An experiment was carried out with the apparatus shown below to verify that the gas obtained by heating concentrated sulfuric acid with charcoal contained $\mathrm { SO } _ { 2 } , \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ and $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$. During the experiment it was observed that anhydrous copper sulphate turned blue, magenta solution faded, acidic potassium permanganate solution became lighter in color, and white turbidity appeared in clarified lime water. ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-025.jpg)

  • A. A. Ionization equation for soda ash: $\mathrm { NaHCO } _ { 3 } = \mathrm { Na } ^ { + } + \mathrm { HCO } ^ { 3 }$
  • B. B. Schematic structure of a chlorine atom :
  • C. C. Structural formula for $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm {~S}$: $\mathrm { H } - \mathrm { S } - \mathrm { H }$
  • D. D. Electronic formula for hydrogen peroxide: $\mathrm { H } ^ { + } \left( : \ddot { \mathrm { O } } : \ddot { \mathrm { O } } ^ { : } \right) ^ { 2 - } \mathrm { H } ^ { + }$

Answer: C

Solution: A. Soda ash is sodium carbonate, and the ionization equation is: $\mathrm { Na } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 3 } = 2 \mathrm { Na } ^ { + } + \mathrm { CO } ^ { 3 - }$, so A is wrong; B. Chlorine proton number of 17, the atomic structure schematic: (+17) 287 / so B error; C. In $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm {~S}$, S and two H are connected by a single bond, and the structural formula is: $\mathrm { H } - \mathrm { S } - \mathrm { H }$, so C is correct; D. Hydrogen peroxide is a covalent compound with the electronic formula $\mathrm { H } : \ddot { \mathrm { O } } : \ddot { \mathrm { O } } : \mathrm { H }$, so D is wrong;

Question 26: 30. The following chemical terms are correctly expressed as follows $\mathrm { S } ^ { 2 - }$ ![]...

30. The following chemical terms are correctly expressed as follows $\mathrm { S } ^ { 2 - }$ ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-026.jpg) ${ } _ { 6 } ^ { 8 } \mathrm { C }$

  • A. A. $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$ has the electronic formula $\mathrm { H } : \mathrm { O } : \mathrm { H }$
  • B. B. $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { SO } _ { 4 }$ has a molar mass of $98 \mathrm {~g} \cdot \mathrm {~mol} ^ { - 1 }$
  • C. C. The structure of + is schematized as +
  • D. D. A carbon atom with a neutron number of 8 can be represented as

Answer: B

Solution:

Question 27: 31. The following statements are incorrect

31. The following statements are incorrect

  • A. A. Only covalent bonds exist in $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { SO } _ { 4 }$
  • B. B. Illuminating the $\mathrm { KMnO } _ { 4 }$ solution with light creates a light path.
  • C. C. $\mathrm { SO } _ { 2 }$ belongs to the acidic oxides
  • D. D. Dispersed particles become larger as the clarified lime water becomes turbid.

Answer: B

Solution:

Question 28: 32. The following experimental phenomena are not correctly analyzed There are $\mathrm { CO } _...

32. The following experimental phenomena are not correctly analyzed There are $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ in Min Gas.

  • A. A. Anhydrous copper sulfate turns blue to prove the presence of $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } ( \mathrm { g } )$ in the gas.
  • B. B. The fading color of the magenta solution proves the presence of $\mathrm { SO } _ { 2 }$ in the gas.
  • C. C. Acidic potassium permanganate solutions lighten in color proving $\mathrm { SO } _ { 2 }$ bleaching properties
  • D. D. White cloudy evidence in clarified lime water

Answer: C

Solution:

Question 29: 33. The following reactions are correctly represented

33. The following reactions are correctly represented

  • A. A. Reaction of charcoal with concentrated sulfuric acid: $2 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { SO } _ { 4 } ($ concentrated $) + \mathrm { C } \triangleq 2 \mathrm { SO } _ { 2 } \uparrow + \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } \uparrow + 2 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$
  • B. B. Sulfur dioxide soluble in water: $\mathrm { SO } _ { 2 } + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } \rightleftharpoons \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { SO } _ { 4 }$
  • C. C. Acidic potassium permanganate solution lightens in color: $2 \mathrm { MnO } _ { 4 } ^ { - } + 5 \mathrm { SO } _ { 2 } + 4 \mathrm { OH } ^ { - } = 2 \mathrm { Mn } ^ { 2 + } + 5 \mathrm { SO } _ { 4 } ^ { 2 - } + 2 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$
  • D. D. White turbidity in clarified lime water : $2 \mathrm { OH } ^ { - } + \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } = \mathrm { CO } _ { 3 } ^ { 2 - } + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$

Answer: A

Solution:

Question 30: 34. The following chemical terms are incorrectly stated $$ \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } = \mathrm { CH }...

34. The following chemical terms are incorrectly stated $$ \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } = \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } $$ $\mathrm { Cl } ^ { - }$

  • A. A. Structural formula of ethylene
  • B. B. Schematic diagram of the structure of the following: +17) 288
  • C. C. The covalent bond in the acetylene molecule consists of 3 $\sigma$ bonds and 2 $\pi$ bonds
  • D. D. Electronic formula for $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$: $\because \cdots \cdots 0$.

Answer: D

Solution: A. The carbon-carbon double bond cannot be omitted, and the structural formula of ethylene is: $\mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } = \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 }$, so A is correct; B. Cl is known as element 17, chlorine ions have 18 electrons outside the nucleus, so the structure of the chlorine ion is correct, B is correct; C. The structural formula of acetylene molecule is $\mathrm { H } - \mathrm { C } \equiv \mathrm { C } - \mathrm { H }$, so its covalent bond consists of 3 $\sigma$ bonds and 2 $\pi$ bonds, so C is correct; D. The electronic formula of $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 }$ is: $\because \therefore \mathrm { C } \because \because$, so D is wrong;

Question 31: 35. The following chemical terms or diagrams are correctly expressed ## $\stackrel { \mathrm { O } ...

35. The following chemical terms or diagrams are correctly expressed ## $\stackrel { \mathrm { O } } { : }$ <br> A. Electronic formula of the aldehyde group: $\because \dot { \mathrm { C } } : \mathrm { H }$ <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfw0h1vqo48lf3f" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, 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 +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZncwaDF2cW80OGxmM2YtMyIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI3My41MDAwMDE2OTY0NzM2OSIgeTE9IjE3LjIyMDAxNDEzNzMwNzU1OCIgeDI9IjEwNS4wMDAwMDE2OTY0NzA1MiIgeTI9IjE3LjIyMDAyODI3NDYxNDc0OCI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+ PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImxpbmUtbWkxbXpmdzBoMXZxbzQ4bGYzZi01IiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9IjczLjQ5OTk5ODMwMzUxOTk2IiB5MT0iMjQuNzgwMDE0MTM3MzA2NzkzIiB4Mj0iMTA0Ljk5OTk5ODMwMzUxNjc4IiB5Mj0iMjQuNzgwMDI4Mjc0NjEzOTgzIj48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ3MGgxdnFvNDhsZjNmLTciIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iNzMuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTk2ODIiIHkxPSIyMS4wMDAwMTQxMzczMDcxNzYiIHgyPSIxMDQuOTk5OTk5OTk5OTkzNjUiIHkyPSIyMS4wMDAwMjgyNzQ2MTQzNjUiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZncwaDF2cW80OGxmM2YtOSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI0MiIgeTE9IjIxIiB4Mj0iNzMuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTk2ODIiIHkyPSIyMS4wMDAwMTQxMzczMDcxNzYiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+PC9kZWZzPjxtYXNrIGlkPSJ0ZXh0LW1hc2stbWkxbXpmdzBoMXZxbzQ4bGYzZiI+ PHJlY3QgeD0iMCIgeT0iMCIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgZmlsbD0id2hpdGUiPjwvcmVjdD48L21hc2s+ PHN0eWxlPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgLmVsZW1lbnQtbWkxbXpmdzBoMXZxbzQ4bGYzZiB7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgZm9udDogMTRweCBIZWx2ZXRpY2EsIEFyaWFsLCBzYW5zLXNlcmlmOwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIGFsaWdubWVudC1iYXNlbGluZTogJ21pZGRsZSc7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB9CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAuc3ViLW1pMW16ZncwaDF2cW80OGxmM2YgewogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIGZvbnQ6IDguNHB4IEhlbHZldGljYSwgQXJpYWwsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB9CiAgICAgICAgICAgIDwvc3R5bGU + PGcgbWFzaz0idXJsKCN0ZXh0LW1hc2stbWkxbXpmdzBoMXZxbzQ4bGYzZikiPjxsaW5lIHgxPSIxMDQuOTk5OTk5OTk5OTkzNjUiIHkxPSIyMS4wMDAwMjgyNzQ2MTQzNjUiIHgyPSIxMzYuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTkwNDgiIHkyPSIyMS4wMDAwNDI0MTE5MjE1NCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwOnJvdW5kO3N0cm9rZS1kYXNoYXJyYXk6bm9uZTtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6MS4yNiIgc3Ryb2tlPSJ1cmwoJyNsaW5lLW1pMW16ZncwaDF2cW80OGxmM2YtMScpIj48L2xpbmU + 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 + PC9saW5lPjxsaW5lIHgxPSI3My40OTk5OTk5OTk5OTY4MiIgeTE9IjIxLjAwMDAxNDEzNzMwNzE3NiIgeDI9IjEwNC45OTk5OTk5OTk5OTM2NSIgeTI9IjIxLjAwMDAyODI3NDYxNDM2NSIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwOnJvdW5kO3N0cm9rZS1kYXNoYXJyYXk6bm9uZTtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6MS4yNiIgc3Ryb2tlPSJ1cmwoJyNsaW5lLW1pMW16ZncwaDF2cW80OGxmM2YtNycpIj48L2xpbmU + PGxpbmUgeDE9IjQyIiB5MT0iMjEiIHgyPSI3My40OTk5OTk5OTk5OTY4MiIgeTI9IjIxLjAwMDAxNDEzNzMwNzE3NiIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwOnJvdW5kO3N0cm9rZS1kYXNoYXJyYXk6bm9uZTtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6MS4yNiIgc3Ryb2tlPSJ1cmwoJyNsaW5lLW1pMW16ZncwaDF2cW80OGxmM2YtOScpIj48L2xpbmU + PC9nPjxnPjx0ZXh0IHg9IjEzNi40OTk5OTk5OTk5OTA0OCIgeT0iMjEuMDAwMDQyNDExOTIxNTQiIGNsYXNzPSJkZWJ1ZyIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmMDAwMCIgc3R5bGU9IgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgZm9udDogNXB4IERyb2lkIFNhbnMsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICI + 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 +PC90ZXh0PjwvZz48L3N2Zz4="/> ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-027.jpg) ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-028.jpg)

  • A. A. $\stackrel { \mathrm { O } } { : }$ <br> A. Electronic formula of aldehyde group: $\because \dot { \mathrm { C } } : \mathrm { H }$
  • B. B. The bondline formula for 2-butyne:
  • C. C. Ball-and-stick modeling of cis-2-butene:
  • D. D. A space-filling model for bromoethane:

Answer: D

Solution: A. The electronic formula of aldehyde group is $\stackrel { : \mathrm { O } : } { : \stackrel { : } { \mathrm { C } } : \mathrm { H } }$, so A is wrong; B. 2-butynyl molecule in the 4 carbon atoms common line, bond line formula: so B error; C. The two methyl groups of cis-2-butene are on the same side, and the ball-and-stick model is: ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-029.jpg) C. The two methyl groups of cis-2-butene are on the same side, and the model of the bat is: ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-029.jpg) D. The bromine atom in ethyl bromide has the largest radius, and the space-filling model is: ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-030.jpg) , so D is correct; Answer choice D.

Question 32: 36. In 2019, Lei Xiaoguang, a young chemist in China, was selected to be the spokesperson for nitrog...

36. In 2019, Lei Xiaoguang, a young chemist in China, was selected to be the spokesperson for nitrogen in the Periodic Table of Elements for Young Chemists. The following statements related to the element nitrogen are correct.

  • A. A. ${ } ^ { 14 } \mathrm {~N}$ with ${ } ^ { 14 } \mathrm { C } _ { \text {互为同位素 } }$
  • B. B. N in $\mathrm { Si } _ { 3 } \mathrm {~N} _ { 4 }$ is the price of ${ } ^ { + 3 }$.
  • C. C. $\mathrm { NH } _ { 3 }$ is more thermally stable than HF.
  • D. D. The electronic formula for $\mathrm { N } _ { 2 }$ is: $\mathrm { N } : : \mathrm { N }$:

Answer: D

Solution: A. Different nuclides of the same element are isotopes of each other, ${ } ^ { 14 } \mathrm {~N}$ and ${ } ^ { 14 } \mathrm { C }$ are different nuclides of different elements, not isotopes. A. Wrong; B. According to the principle of chemical formula writing and the strength of non-metallicity, N in $\mathrm { Si } _ { 3 } \mathrm {~N} _ { 4 }$ is ${ } ^ { - 3 }$ valence, which is wrong in B. The more non-metallic an element is, the higher its valence is; C. The stronger the nonmetallicity of an element, the stronger the thermal stability of the corresponding hydride. The nonmetallicity of nitrogen is smaller than that of fluorine, so the thermal stability of $\mathrm { NH } _ { 3 }$ is weaker than that of HF; D. Nitrogen forms a nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond with the electronic formula $\mathrm { N } : : \mathrm { N } :$, D is correct;

Question 33: 37. The following representations are correct ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-031.jp...

37. The following representations are correct ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-031.jpg)

  • A. A. ${ } ^ { 14 } \mathrm {~N} _ { 2 }$ and ${ } ^ { 15 } \mathrm {~N} _ { 2 }$ are isotopes of each other.
  • B. B. Ball-and-stick model of n-butane:
  • C. C. Electronic formula of NaClO: $\mathrm { Na } : \ddot { \mathrm { O } } : \ddot { \mathrm { C } } \mathrm { l } :$
  • D. D. $\mathrm { NaHCO } _ { 3 }$ Ionic equation for hydrolysis: $\mathrm { HCO } ^ { 3 } + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } ^ { \hat { \ddagger } } + \mathrm { H } _ { 3 } \mathrm { O } ^ { + } + \mathrm { CO } ^ { 3 - }$

Answer: B

Solution: A. ${ } ^ { 14 } \mathrm {~N} _ { 2 }$ and ${ } ^ { 15 } \mathrm {~N} _ { 2 }$ both represent molecules, not atoms, and are not isotopes of each other, so A is wrong; B. The n-butane molecule contains 2 methyl groups and 2 methylene groups. [IMAGE_7]] B. The n-butane molecule contains 2 methyl groups and 2 methylene groups, and its bat model is ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-032.jpg). B is correct; C. NaClO is an ionic compound consisting of $\mathrm { Na } ^ { + }$ ions and $\mathrm { ClO } ^ { - }$ ions, and the electronic formula for NaClO is $\mathrm { Na } + [ \ddot { \mathrm { O } } : \ddot { \mathrm { C } } \mathrm { l } : ] ^ { - }$, so C is wrong; D. The ionic equation for hydrolysis of $\mathrm { NaHCO } _ { 3 }$ is $\mathrm { HCO } ^ { 3 } + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } \rightleftharpoons \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 3 } + \mathrm { OH } ^ { - }$, so D is wrong;

Question 34: 38 . The electronic formulas of the following substances are written correctly $[ \mathrm { H } :...

38 . The electronic formulas of the following substances are written correctly $[ \mathrm { H } : \ddot { O } : ] _ { 2 }$

  • A. A. $\mathrm { HCl } \quad \mathrm { H } ^ { + } [ : \ddot { C l } : ] ^ { - }$
  • B. B. $\mathrm { HClO } \quad \mathrm { H } : \ddot { \mathrm { Cl } } : \ddot { \mathrm { O } }$:
  • C. C. $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } _ { 2 }$
  • D. D. $\mathrm { Na } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } \mathrm { Na } ^ { + } [ : O : O : ] ^ { 2 - } \mathrm { Na } ^ { + }$

Answer: D

Solution: A. HCl is a covalent compound, and its electronic formula is $\mathrm { H } \dot { \times } \dot { \mathrm { Cl } } \dot { \cdot }$, so A is wrong; B. HClO's electron B. The electronic formula of HClO is $\left. H \cdot \dot { \sim } _ { \cdot } ^ { \cdot } \dot { C ^ { \prime } } \right] _ { \cdot } ^ { \cdot }$, so B is wrong. [B. The electronic formula of HClO is $\left. H \cdot \dot { \sim } _ { \cdot } ^ { \cdot } \dot { C ^ { \prime } } \right] _ { \cdot } ^ { \cdot }$, so B is wrong. The electronic formula of $\mathrm { Na } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } _ { 2 }$ is $\mathrm { Na } ^ { + } \left[ \begin{array} { l l l } \because & 0 & 0 \end{array} \right] ^ { 2 - } \mathrm { Na } ^ { + }$, so D is correct. Points : In the process of solving this kind of problems, you need to pay attention to the following aspects: (1) Special attention should be paid to the following aspects when writing electronic formulas: Anions and polynuclear cations should be added "[ ]" and indicate the charge, write the electronic formula of covalent compounds, shall not use "[ ]", no bonded valence electrons should also be written out. (2) When writing structural formulae and structural formulae, firstly, the order of interatomic bonding should be clarified (e.g., HClO should be $\mathrm { H } - \mathrm { O } - \mathrm { Cl }$ instead of $\mathrm { H } - \mathrm { Cl } - \mathrm { O }$), and secondly, when writing the structural formulae, the carbon-carbon double bond and carbon-carbon triple bond should be written out. (3) Scale models and ball-and-stick models should reflect the relative size of atoms and the spatial structure of molecules.

Question 35: 41. The following chemical terms are correctly stated ( ) ᄃ. Electronic formula for HCl: $\mathrm ...

41. The following chemical terms are correctly stated ( ) ᄃ. Electronic formula for HCl: $\mathrm { H } ^ { + } [ : \ddot { \mathrm { C } } 1 : ] ^ { - }$ ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-033.jpg)

  • A. A. Schematic atomic structure of Na: (+11) 281
  • B. B. $\mathrm { N } _ { 2 }$ Structural formula of the molecule: $\mathrm { N } = \mathrm { N }$
  • C. C. Electronic formula for HCl: $\mathrm { H } ^ { + } [ : \ddot { \mathrm { C } } 1 : ] ^ { - }$
  • D. D. $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$ The molecular model of the bat :

Answer: A

Solution: A. The atomic number of Na is 11, and its atomic structure is (+11)281/, A is correct; B. There is a triple bond in the molecule of $\mathrm { N } _ { 2 }$, and the structural formula is $\mathrm { N } \equiv \mathrm { N } , \mathrm { B }$, which is incorrect; $\mathrm { C } . \mathrm { HCl }$ is a covalent compound, and the electronic formula is $\mathrm { H } \times \ddot { \mathrm { C } } \mathrm { l } :$, C is wrong; D. The scale model of the $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$ molecule is ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-034.jpg) , D is wrong, and the answer is A. 考点:考查化学用语判断

Question 36: 42. The following chemical terms are understood correctly (). <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfw1yqx...

42. The following chemical terms are understood correctly (). <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfw1yqxeudhajd" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW16ZncxeXF4ZXVkaGFqZCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTQ3IDk2LjU1OTYyODcxMzAxMTk5IiBzdHlsZT0id2lkdGg6IDE0Ni45OTk5OTk5OTk5NzQ2NXB4OyBoZWlnaHQ6IDk2LjU1OTYyODcxMzAxMTk5cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZncxeXF4ZXVkaGFqZC0xIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9Ijg1LjkxNDYxNjQ2NzM1ODk3IiB5MT0iNjkuOTk2NjQ1Njk3MjQ3OCIgeDI9Ijk4LjUxNDYzNjA1NjU4MTM0IiB5Mj0iNDguMTcyODE2ODMxNzM0NDgiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZncxeXF4ZXVkaGFqZC0zIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9Ijg5LjI0OTk3NTUxMzQ0NjY3IiB5MT0iNzUuNTU5NjI4NzEzMDExOTkiIHgyPSIxMDQuOTk5OTk5OTk5OTc0NjMiIHkyPSI0OC4yNzk4NDI2MzExMjAzNDYiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZncxeXF4ZXVkaGFqZC01IiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9Ijg5LjI1MDAyNDQ4NjUxNTI0IiB5MT0iMjEuMDAwMDI4Mjc0NjE0MzI2IiB4Mj0iMTA0Ljk5OTk5OTk5OTk3NDYzIiB5Mj0iNDguMjc5ODQyNjMxMTIwMzQ2Ij48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIj48L3N0b3A + PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjEwMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ3MXlxeGV1ZGhhamQtNyIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI1Ny43NDk5NzU1MTM0NTkzNiIgeTE9Ijc1LjU1OTYwMDQzODM5NzY1IiB4Mj0iODkuMjQ5OTc1NTEzNDQ2NjciIHkyPSI3NS41NTk2Mjg3MTMwMTE5OSI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+ PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+ PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImxpbmUtbWkxbXpmdzF5cXhldWRoYWpkLTkiIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iNjAuOTAwMDE5Mzk3MDk2MSIgeTE9IjI2LjY3MDAwMjgyNzQ1OTE0NyIgeDI9Ijg2LjEwMDAxOTM5NzA4NTk0IiB5Mj0iMjYuNjcwMDI1NDQ3MTUwNjEiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZncxeXF4ZXVkaGFqZC0xMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI1Ny43NTAwMjQ0ODY1Mjc5NSIgeTE9IjIxIiB4Mj0iODkuMjUwMDI0NDg2NTE1MjQiIHkyPSIyMS4wMDAwMjgyNzQ2MTQzMjYiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZncxeXF4ZXVkaGFqZC0xMyIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI0OC40ODUzNjQxMzU1MTciIHkxPSI0OC4xNzI3NzE5MjUxMTk1OCIgeDI9IjYxLjA4NTM0NDU0NjI4NDUiIHkyPSI2OS45OTY2MjM0MTAzMjQzNyI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. 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PHRleHQgeD0iNDIiIHk9IjQ4LjI3OTc4NjA4MTg5MTY2IiBjbGFzcz0iZGVidWciIGZpbGw9IiNmZjAwMDAiIHN0eWxlPSIKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIGZvbnQ6IDVweCBEcm9pZCBTYW5zLCBzYW5zLXNlcmlmOwogICAgICAgICAgICAiPjwvdGV4dD48dGV4dCB4PSI1Ny43NTAwMjQ0ODY1Mjc5NSIgeT0iMjEiIGNsYXNzPSJkZWJ1ZyIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmMDAwMCIgc3R5bGU9IgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgZm9udDogNXB4IERyb2lkIFNhbnMsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICI + PC90ZXh0Pjx0ZXh0IHg9Ijg5LjI1MDAyNDQ4NjUxNTI0IiB5PSIyMS4wMDAwMjgyNzQ2MTQzMjYiIGNsYXNzPSJkZWJ1ZyIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmMDAwMCIgc3R5bGU9IgICAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgZm9udDogNXB4IERyb2lkIFNhbnMsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICI +PC90ZXh0PjwvZz48L3N2Zz4="/> ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-035.jpg) ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-036.jpg) Can represent both methane and carbon tetrachloride molecules

  • A. A. Molecular formula of benzene
  • B. B. Ball-and-stick modeling of the propane molecule
  • C. C. Structural formula of ethyl formate $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { COOCH } _ { 3 }$
  • D. D. Space filling model

Answer: B

Solution: A. The molecular formula of benzene is $\mathrm { C } _ { 6 } \mathrm { H } _ { 6 }$ and the structural short form of benzene is <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfxe6x8ntm57kok" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW16ZnhlNng4bnRtNTdrb2siIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDE0NyA5Ni41NTk2Mjg3MTMwMTE5OSIgc3R5bGU9IndpZHRoOiAxNDYuOTk5OTk5OTk5OTc0NjVweDsgaGVpZ2h0OiA5Ni41NTk2Mjg3MTMwMTE5OXB4OyBvdmVyZmxvdzogdmlzaWJsZTsiPjxkZWZzPjxsaW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudCBpZD0ibGluZS1taTFtemZ4ZTZ4OG50bTU3a29rLTEiIGdyYWRpZW50VW5pdHM9InVzZXJTcGFjZU9uVXNlIiB4MT0iODUuOTE0NjE2NDY3MzU4OTciIHkxPSI2OS45OTY2NDU2OTcyNDc4IiB4Mj0iOTguNTE0NjM2MDU2NTgxMzQiIHkyPSI0OC4xNzI4MTY4MzE3MzQ0OCI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+ PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+ PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImxpbmUtbWkxbXpmeGU2eDhudG01N2tvay0zIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9Ijg5LjI0OTk3NTUxMzQ0NjY3IiB5MT0iNzUuNTU5NjI4NzEzMDExOTkiIHgyPSIxMDQuOTk5OTk5OTk5OTc0NjMiIHkyPSI0OC4yNzk4NDI2MzExMjAzNDYiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZnhlNng4bnRtNTdrb2stNSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI4OS4yNTAwMjQ0ODY1MTUyNCIgeTE9IjIxLjAwMDAyODI3NDYxNDMyNiIgeDI9IjEwNC45OTk5OTk5OTk5NzQ2MyIgeTI9IjQ4LjI3OTg0MjYzMTEyMDM0NiI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. 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The ball-and-stick model of the propane molecule is ![](/images/questions/chem-nomenclature/image-037.jpg) , B is correct; C. The structural short form of ethyl formate is $\mathrm { HCOOCH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { COOH } _ { 3 } { } _ { \text {是乙酸甲酯 } }$, and C is incorrect; D. The radius of the chlorine atom is larger than that of the carbon atom, and the space-filling model cannot represent the carbon tetrachloride molecule. D. The space-filling model cannot represent the carbon tetrachloride molecule; The answer is B.

Question 37: 43. The following chemical terms are used correctly (). <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfw29pijnkzfp...

43. The following chemical terms are used correctly (). <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfw29pijnkzfp7d" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW1pMW16ZncyOXBpam5remZwN2QiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDIwOCAxNDUuMDg3NDExNzY1NzE2ODciIHN0eWxlPSJ3aWR0aDogMjA3LjkzNjIyODIzODA0NTY2cHg7IGhlaWdodDogMTQ1LjA4NzQxMTc2NTcxNjg3cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI +PGRlZnM+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZncyOXBpam5remZwN2QtMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSIxNTIuMzU3MjY2OTkyODkzNDEiIHkxPSIyMSIgeDI9IjE2NS45MzYyMjgyMzgwNDU2NiIgeTI9IjUyLjQ0MDgyMjI5MzY3NDMxNiI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. 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  • A. A. Electron cloud of $\sigma$ bonds between carbon atoms in the ethylene molecule:
  • B. B. A space-filling model of the carbon dioxide molecule:
  • C. C. The structure of $\mathrm { H } ^ { - }$ is schematized as (+1) $\frac { 1 } { 2 }$
  • D. D. The electronic formula for | $: \overline { \mathrm { F } } : \overline { \mathrm { B } } : \overline { \mathrm { F } } :$ |

Answer: C

Solution: A ... <img class="imgSvg" id = "mi1mzfxfqgefush9xq" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64, 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 +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZnhmcWdlZnVzaDl4cS0zIiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9IjExMi45MzE5MjA2ODY2NDU5IiB5MT0iMTIwLjE2MjM3MTcyNDY1MjA1IiB4Mj0iMTIyLjY2NTk0OTI4Njc2NzQ0IiB5Mj0iOTAuMjA0MDg5Mjc3MDIxMzUiPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyMCUiPjwvc3RvcD48c3RvcCBzdG9wLWNvbG9yPSJjdXJyZW50Q29sb3IiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAwJSI +PC9zdG9wPjwvbGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQ+ PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW1pMW16ZnhmcWdlZnVzaDl4cS01IiBncmFkaWVudFVuaXRzPSJ1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZSIgeDE9IjkxLjg1NDI5ODM5Mzk5NzYxIiB5MT0iODMuNjU0ODc3OTMwNDQ4NjYiIHgyPSIxMjIuNjY1OTQ5Mjg2NzY3NDQiIHkyPSI5MC4yMDQwODkyNzcwMjEzNSI +PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+. 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The radius of the carbon atom is larger than that of the oxygen atom; C. $\mathrm { H } ^ { - }$ has two electrons in its outermost layer, forming a two-electron stable structure; D. In $\mathrm { BF } _ { 3 }$, there should be 6 electrons in the outermost layer of B atom, and there is no lone electron pair in B. The electronic formula of $\mathrm { BF } _ { 3 }$ should be $\mathrm { BF } _ { 3 }$. B has no lone electron pairs; The answer is C.
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Chemical Nomenclature and Equations

化学用语与方程式

37 Practice Questions

Practice with Chinese questions to prepare for the CSCA exam. You can toggle translations while practicing.

Topic Overview

Chemical terms and equations is the basic language of chemistry, mainly including element symbols, chemical formulas, valence, ionic symbols and the writing and leveling of chemical equations. In the examination, this part of the content often appears in the form of multiple-choice questions, focusing on the mastery of the basic rules and the ability to judge the details, such as the calculation of the valence, the chemical formula of the correct and incorrect analysis, equation leveling.

Questions:37

Key Points

  • 1Calculation rules for common element symbols and valences
  • 2Correct writing and naming of chemical formulas (molecular, structural, electronic)
  • 3Recognition of Ionic Symbols and Schematic Atomic Structures
  • 4Leveling Chemical Equations and Determining Reaction Types

Study Tips

It is recommended that you memorize common elemental compounds by categorizing them and practice writing them in relation to specific compounds, taking care to differentiate the naming rules for similar chemical formulas.

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Related Learning Resources

Chemistry Study Guide
Complete exam preparation materials
Chemistry Glossary
Review related terms and concepts

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