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How to choose 985 universities for international students? Ranking, Tuition, Application Difficulty

CSCA Team
January 6, 2026
27 min read

The 985 Project universities represent the pinnacle of Chinese higher education and are the top choice for many international students. But with 39 985 institutions to choose from, how should you decide? This article analyzes the latest 2025 ranking data from an international student perspective to help you make an informed choice.

Data Source: Compiled from publicly available data of Chinese universities
Updated: December 2025
Data Notes: Funding figures based on annual final accounts; compensation data reflects average monthly graduate income (RMB)
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Article Navigation

  • [Ranking Data Overview](#Ranking Data Overview) - Complete data for the top 20 universities
  • [International Ranking Comparison](#International Ranking Comparison) - QS/THE ranking references
  • [International Student Perspective Interpretation](#Data Significance for International Students) - Which metrics matter most to you
  • [CSCA Score Requirements](#CSCA Score Reference & Application Difficulty) - Score thresholds for different tiers of institutions
  • [Tuition & Living Costs](#Tuition & Living Cost Estimates) - Budget reference for studying abroad
  • [Scholarship Opportunities](#Scholarship Opportunity Analysis) - How to secure financial support
  • [Application Timeline](#Application Timeline) - Key Deadlines
  • [Institution Selection Advice](#Tiered Institution Selection Guide) - Choosing Based on Personal Circumstances

Ranking Data Overview

Below is the 2025 Top 20 Ranking of China's 985 Universities based on multiple objective metrics:

Rank
University Name
Comprehensive Score
Annual Funding (¥ billion)
Research Funding
Starting Salary
1
Tsinghua University
93.6
387.93
54
19849
2
89.7
267.21
81
19,383
3
73.3
331.21
68
14,379
4
69.7
302.95
44
17038
6
55.5
165.17
29
14231
7
52.2
189.50
15
16615
8
50.0
200.30
22
14703
9
46.8
168.69
20
14120
10
46.0
173.55
12
13341
11
45.6
111.40
6
11364
12
42.6
152.84
21
14,600
14
41.3
161.56
6
12,477
15
40.4
125.98
23
12053
16
39.5
159.11
23
10531
17
39.0
140.94
6
12,774
18
China Agricultural University
38.0
87.37
18
11222
19
37.5
96.05
14
12222
20
37.2
149.62
11
12379
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International Ranking Comparison

For international students, understanding these universities' positions in global rankings is equally important, as it relates to the international recognition of their degrees:

University
QS 2025
THE 2025
Domestic Ranking
Tsinghua University
20
12
1
145
73
11
185
194
17
💡 Ranking Insights
  • Tsinghua University and Peking University remain firmly in the global top 20, with their degrees enjoying the highest international recognition
  • Fudan University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Zhejiang University rank among the top 50 globally, offering outstanding value for money
  • Domestic Rankings ≠ International Rankings: The University of Science and Technology of China ranks 5th domestically but only 137th globally in QS (due to its smaller scale and focus on STEM disciplines)
  • International rankings hold limited value for domestic job hunting but are crucial for further studies or overseas employment
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From an International Student's Perspective: What Do These Data Mean?

Important Note
As an international student, your priorities differ from domestic applicants. Here's how key metrics translate from an international perspective.
### Metrics That Truly Matter to International Students
Annual Funding
More funding = Better facilities, more scholarship opportunities, higher-quality international programs
National Science and Technology Awards
Reflects research strength, particularly crucial for students applying to research-oriented programs
Graduate Salary Levels
Reflects the university's professional network and alumni resources, crucial for students planning careers in China
Gaokao Admission Scores
International students are exempt from the Gaokao; this metric is provided for reference only. Student Body Quality
---

International Student Application Difficulty and CSCA Score Reference

⚠️ Data Note: The following CSCA scores are empirical estimates based on past admissions data and are for reference only. Actual admission standards vary annually across universities, majors, and applicant pools. Consult official university admissions brochures for definitive criteria.
CSCA Score Reference (Estimated) for 985 Universities
Competitiveness Level
Top Tier
Representative Universities
Tsinghua University, Peking University
Recommended CSCA Score
90%+
Difficulty Level
C9 League
Representative Universities
Zhejiang University, Jiaotong University, Fudan University
Recommended CSCA Score
85-90%
Difficulty Level
Top-tier 985 universities
Representative Universities
Beihang University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Tongji University
Recommended CSCA Score
80-85%
Difficulty Level
Other 985 Universities
Representative Universities
Shandong University, Wuhan University, Tianjin University
Recommended CSCA Score
75-80%
* The above scores apply to Chinese-taught programs; English-taught programs typically have lower requirements
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Estimated Tuition and Living Expenses

Budget planning is crucial for university selection. Below are reference costs for 985 universities:

Expense Type
Tier-1 Cities (Beijing/Shanghai)
Tier-2 Cities
Annual Undergraduate Tuition
26,000–35,000 RMB
¥20,000–28,000
Master's Tuition/Year
30,000–45,000 CNY
25,000–35,000 CNY
Accommodation Fee/Year
12,000–24,000 CNY
6,000–12,000 CNY
Monthly living expenses
2,500–4,000 CNY
1,500–2,500 CNY
Annual Total Budget
¥70,000–120,000
¥40,000–70,000
💰 High-cost majors
Tuition for medical and art programs typically costs 1.5–2 times that of general majors. MBBS (English-taught clinical medicine programs) can reach 40,000–60,000 CNY/year
💲 Budget-Saving Strategy
Opt for second-tier city 985 universities (Wuhan University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University) + apply for scholarships to keep annual expenses under ¥30,000
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Scholarship Opportunities Analysis

For international students, 985 universities generally offer more scholarships with higher amounts. Here's an overview of scholarship availability across university tiers:

🏆
• Full tuition waiver
• Living allowance
• Medical insurance
• More available spots at 985 universities
🏫
• Typically based on CSCA exam scores
• Covers partial or full tuition
• Relatively less competitive
• Institutions with ample funding offer more opportunities
🌎
• Funded by local governments
• Universities within specific provinces
• Examples: Zhejiang Province Scholarship, Shanghai Scholarship
• Relatively lower application thresholds
💡 Key Points for Scholarship Applications

Top five universities by annual funding (Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Peking University, Harbin Institute of Technology) typically allocate more generous scholarship budgets. Focus your efforts on scholarship programs at these institutions. View the full scholarship list

for more details.

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Application Timeline

Applying to 985 universities requires advance planning. Key dates for the 2026 fall semester are as follows:

September–November 2025
Preparation Phase
  • Research target universities and programs
  • Prepare for CSCA exam (begin practice)
  • Prepare for HSK exam (if required)
December 2025 – January 2026
China Scholarship Council (CSC) Scholarship
  • China Scholarship Council Scholarship Application Opens (Submit through Chinese Embassy)
  • Prepare application materials (transcripts, recommendation letters, study plan)
  • Take the Hanban exam (typically in December of the same year or March of the following year)
February–April 2026
Application Deadline
  • CSC Scholarship Application Deadline (usually end of March)
  • Direct university application deadline (April to May, varies by institution)
  • Top universities like Tsinghua University and Peking University have earlier application deadlines
May to July 2026
Admission Phase
  • Receive admission offers and JW-202 forms
  • Process X1 student visa
  • Book flights and arrange accommodation
August–September 2026
Registration and Orientation
  • Arrive in China and complete enrollment procedures
  • Medical Examination and Residence Permit Processing
  • New Semester Begins!
⚠ Important Notice
  • Top universities (Tsinghua, Peking University) have earlier application deadlines; prepare 2-3 months in advance
  • Competition for China Scholarship Council (CSC) scholarships is intense; requires outstanding CSCA scores and complete application materials
  • Some universities offer spring enrollment (February-March), with application deadlines in October-November of the previous year
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Tiered University Selection Recommendations

Tier 1: Top 985 Universities (Ranked 1-5)

Tsinghua University, Peking University, Zhejiang University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, University of Science and Technology of China
Target Applicants
  • Top CSCA scores (85%+)
  • Aspiring to pursue academic research
  • Seeking elite academic pedigree
Advantages for International Students
  • Highest international recognition
  • Extensive English-taught programs
  • Abundant scholarship opportunities from the China Scholarship Council
Second Tier: High-Quality 985 Universities (Ranked 6-12)
Beihang University, Fudan University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Nanjing University, Tongji University
Suitable for
  • Outstanding CSCA scores (80-85%)
  • Clear academic focus
  • Applicants prioritizing value for money
International Student Advantages
  • Distinctive academic programs (engineering-focused institutions)
  • Relatively low application competition intensity
  • Exceptional professional networking resources
### Third Tier: Distinctive 985 Universities (Ranked 13-20)
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shandong University, Wuhan University, China Agricultural University, Tianjin University, Southeast University
Suitable for
  • Outstanding computer science grades (75-80%)
  • Prioritizes lower living costs
  • Preference for specific cities/regions
International Student Advantages
  • Lower cost of living (non-tier-one cities)
  • Less competitive scholarship environment
  • Greater attention for international students
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City Factors: Considerations Beyond University Rankings

When choosing a university, city factors profoundly impact international students' quality of life:

🏙 First-Tier City Universities
Beijing: Tsinghua, Peking, Beihang, Beijing Institute
of Technology Shanghai: Jiaotong, Fudan, Tongji
High internationalization
Abundant internship opportunities
High cost of living
Fierce competition
🏗 Second-Tier City Universities
Hangzhou: Zhejiang University | Nanjing: Nanjing University, Southeast
University | Wuhan: Wuhan University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology | Xi'an: Xi'an Jiaotong University, Northwestern Polytechnical University
Low cost of living
Strong academic environment
Limited number of international students
⚠ Limited English-speaking environment
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Popular Majors and Recommended Universities

💻
Computer Science/Artificial Intelligence

Recommended Institutions: Tsinghua University, Peking University, Zhejiang University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Harbin Institute of Technology

💊
Medicine

Recommended Institutions: Peking University Health Science Center, Fudan University

School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology

💰
Business/Finance

Recommended Institutions: Peking University Guanghua School of Management, Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management, Fudan University

School of Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Antai College of Economics and Management

🏭
Architecture/Civil Engineering

Recommended Institutions: Tsinghua University, Tongji University

, Southeast University

, Tianjin University

🌱
Agricultural Sciences

Recommended Institutions: China Agricultural University, College of Agriculture at Zhejiang University, Nanjing University

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Next Steps

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Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: Do international students need Gaokao scores to apply to 985 universities?

No. International students apply through the CSCA exam (China Scholarship Test) and are not required to take the Chinese Gaokao. The Gaokao admission scores mentioned here serve only as a reference for applicant quality at these institutions and are not directly relevant to international student applications.

Q2: What CSCA score requirements do 985 universities have for international students?

The following are estimated based on past admission trends and are for reference only:

  • Top institutions like Tsinghua and Peking University: Recommended score above 90%
  • Other C9 League universities: Recommended score 85-90%
  • General 985 universities: Recommended score 75-85%
  • English-taught programs typically have lower requirements

⚠️ Actual admission standards fluctuate annually and by program. Always refer to official university admissions brochures. Visit university detail pages for the latest information.

Q3: Are lower-ranked 985 universities worth applying to?

Absolutely! Institutions ranked 13-20 (e.g., Wuhan University, Sun Yat-sen University):

  • Remain among China's premier academic institutions
  • Offer less competitive scholarship pools
  • Feature lower living costs
  • Excel in specific disciplinary fields

When selecting a university, consider academic strength, city environment, and personal budget holistically—don't focus solely on rankings.

Q4: How can I obtain scholarships at 985 universities?

Primary avenues include:

  1. Chinese Government Scholarship (CSC): Apply through Chinese embassies/consulates abroad; 985 universities receive more quotas
  2. University Scholarships: Apply directly to target universities, typically based on CSCA scores
  3. Provincial Scholarships: Offered by some provinces for international students at local universities

Outstanding CSCA scores are crucial for scholarship applications. Prepare early.

Q5: When choosing a 985 university, should I prioritize ranking or location?

Both factors matter. Consider your personal goals holistically:

  • Academic Pursuit: Prioritize top-ranked institutions with strong disciplinary strengths
  • Career Planning: Prioritize universities in first-tier cities (Beijing, Shanghai)
  • Budget Management: Second-tier city 985 universities offer better value for money

Want to explore Chinese universities? Visit our University Database for CSCA application details, scholarship opportunities, and program information.

Preparing for the CSCA exam? Review our Preparation Guide and Practice Question Bank.

985大学留学中国大学选择CSCA奖学金